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Markworthen (talk | contribs) →Training: this is mainly criticism, so moving it to that section |
Markworthen (talk | contribs) →Criticism: moved from "training" subsection, b/c it's about criticism |
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== Criticism ==
EMDR is controversial among some scholars in the psychological community.<ref name="McNally1999">{{cite journal | vauthors = McNally RJ |author-link1= Richard McNally |title=Research on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for PTSD |journal=PTSD Research Quarterly |volume=10 |issue=1 |year=1999 |pages=1–7 |url=https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=13105 }}</ref><ref name="Sikes_2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sikes C, Sikes V |title=EMDR: Why the controversy? |journal=Traumatology |date=2003 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=169–182 |doi=10.1177/153476560300900304 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hasandedić-Đapo L | title = How Psychologists Experience and Perceive EMDR? | journal = Psychiatria Danubina | volume = 33 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 18–23 | date = February 2021 | pmid = 33638952 | doi = }}</ref> It is used by some practitioners for trauma therapy and in the treatment of [[complex post-traumatic stress disorder]].<ref name="Adler-Tapia">{{cite book | vauthors = Adler-Tapia R, Settle C |title=EMDR and The Art of Psychotherapy With Children |___location=New York |publisher=Springer Publishing Co. |page=228 |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8261-1117-3}}</ref><ref name="isbn0-7619-2921-5">{{cite book | vauthors = Scott CV, Briere J |title=Principles of Trauma Therapy: A Guide to Symptoms, Evaluation, and Treatment |publisher=Sage Publications |___location=Thousand Oaks, CA |year=2006 |pages=312 |isbn=978-0-7619-2921-5}}</ref>
Some scholars have criticized Francine Shapiro for repeatedly increasing the length and expense of training and certification, allegedly in response to the results of controlled trials that cast doubt on EMDR's efficacy.<ref name="1999 Skeptic">{{cite journal|title=Eye Movement Magic: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing|journal=Skeptic|volume=7|issue=4|year=1999| vauthors = Rosen GM, Mcnally RJ, Lilienfeld SO | author-link3=Scott Lilienfeld | url=http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/14-05-21/#feature}}</ref><ref name="Herbert">{{cite journal | vauthors = Herbert JD, Lilienfeld SO, Lohr JM, Montgomery RW, O'Donohue WT, Rosen GM, Tolin DF | title = Science and pseudoscience in the development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: implications for clinical psychology | journal = Clinical Psychology Review | volume = 20 | issue = 8 | pages = 945–971 | date = November 2000 | pmid = 11098395 | doi = 10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00017-3 | s2cid = 14519988 }}</ref> This included requiring the completion of an EMDR training program in order to be qualified to administer EMDR properly after researchers using the initial written instructions found no difference between no-eye-movement control groups and EMDR-as-written experimental groups. Further changes in training requirements and/or the definition of EMDR included requiring level II training when researchers with level I training still found no difference between eye-movement experimental groups and no-eye-movement controls and deeming "alternate forms of bilateral stimulation" (such as finger-tapping) as variants of EMDR by the time a study found no difference between EMDR and a finger-tapping control group.<ref name="1999 Skeptic" /> Such changes in definition and training for EMDR have been described as "ad hoc moves [made] when confronted by embarrassing data".<ref name ="McNally2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = McNally RJ |title=The demise of pseudoscience |journal=The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice |year=2003 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=97–101 |url=https://www.srmhp.org/0202/pseudoscience.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211230751/https://www.srmhp.org/0202/pseudoscience.html |archive-date=2005-02-11 }}</ref>
EMDR adds a number of non-scientific practices to [[exposure therapy]].<ref name="non">{{cite book |page=292 |vauthors= Lohr JM, Gist R, Deacon B, Devilly GJ, Varker T |chapter=Chapter 10: Science- and Non-Science-Based Treatments for Trauma-Related Stress Disorders |publisher=Routledge |veditors=Lilienfeld SO, Lynn SJ, Lohr JM |title=Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology |edition=2nd |year=2015 |isbn=9781462517893|quote="...eye movements and other bilateral stimulation techniques appear to be unnecessary and do not uniquely contribute to clinical outcomes. The characteristic procedural feature of EMDR appears therapeutically inert, and the other aspects of this treatment (e.g., imaginal exposure, cognitive reappraisal, in vivo exposure) overlap substantially with those of exposure-based treatments for PTSD...EMDR offers few, if any, demonstrable advantages over competing evidence-based psychological treatments. Moreover, its theoretical model and purported primary active therapeutic ingredient are not scientifically supported."}}</ref> EMDR is classified as one of the "power therapies" alongside [[thought field therapy]], [[Emotional Freedom Techniques]] and others{{snd}}so called because these therapies are marketed as being superior to established therapies which preceded them.<ref name=ros2012>{{cite book |vauthors=Rosquist J |isbn=9781136915772 |publisher=Routledge |year=2012 |title=Exposure Treatments for Anxiety Disorders: A Practitioner's Guide to Concepts, Methods, and Evidence-Based Practice |page=92}}</ref>
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