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Markworthen (talk | contribs) →Effectiveness: chronological order; move 2012 critical article to Criticism section; remove repetitive criticism |
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== Criticism ==
EMDR is controversial among some scholars in the psychological community.<ref name="McNally1999">{{cite journal | vauthors = McNally RJ |author-link1= Richard McNally |title=Research on eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as a treatment for PTSD |journal=PTSD Research Quarterly |volume=10 |issue=1 |year=1999 |pages=1–7 |url=https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=13105 }}</ref><ref name="Sikes_2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sikes C, Sikes V |title=EMDR: Why the controversy? |journal=Traumatology |date=2003 |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=169–182 |doi=10.1177/153476560300900304 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hasandedić-Đapo L | title = How Psychologists Experience and Perceive EMDR? | journal = Psychiatria Danubina | volume = 33 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 18–23 | date = February 2021 | pmid = 33638952 | doi = }}</ref> It is used by some practitioners for trauma therapy and in the treatment of [[complex post-traumatic stress disorder]].<ref name="Adler-Tapia">{{cite book | vauthors = Adler-Tapia R, Settle C |title=EMDR and The Art of Psychotherapy With Children |___location=New York |publisher=Springer Publishing Co. |page=228 |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-8261-1117-3}}</ref><ref name="isbn0-7619-2921-5">{{cite book | vauthors = Scott CV, Briere J |title=Principles of Trauma Therapy: A Guide to Symptoms, Evaluation, and Treatment |publisher=Sage Publications |___location=Thousand Oaks, CA |year=2006 |pages=312 |isbn=978-0-7619-2921-5}}</ref>
EMDR has been called a [[purple hat therapy]] because any effectiveness is provided by the underlying therapy (or the standard treatment), not from EMDR's distinctive features.<ref name="SciAm_2012">{{cite news | vauthors = Arkowitz H, Lilienfeld SO |title=EMDR: Taking a Closer Look |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/emdr-taking-a-closer-look/ |access-date=21 March 2023 |work=Scientific American |date=1 August 2012 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Exposure Treatments for Anxiety Disorders: A Practitioner's Guide to Concepts, Methods, and Evidence-Based Practice |vauthors=Rosquist |year=2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136915772 |page=94}}</ref>
Some scholars have criticized Francine Shapiro for repeatedly increasing the length and expense of training and certification, allegedly in response to the results of controlled trials that cast doubt on EMDR's efficacy.<ref name="1999 Skeptic">{{cite journal|title=Eye Movement Magic: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing|journal=Skeptic|volume=7|issue=4|year=1999| vauthors = Rosen GM, Mcnally RJ, Lilienfeld SO | author-link3=Scott Lilienfeld | url=http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/14-05-21/#feature}}</ref><ref name="Herbert">{{cite journal | vauthors = Herbert JD, Lilienfeld SO, Lohr JM, Montgomery RW, O'Donohue WT, Rosen GM, Tolin DF | title = Science and pseudoscience in the development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: implications for clinical psychology | journal = Clinical Psychology Review | volume = 20 | issue = 8 | pages = 945–971 | date = November 2000 | pmid = 11098395 | doi = 10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00017-3 | s2cid = 14519988 }}</ref> This included requiring the completion of an EMDR training program in order to be qualified to administer EMDR properly after researchers using the initial written instructions found no difference between no-eye-movement control groups and EMDR-as-written experimental groups. Further changes in training requirements and/or the definition of EMDR included requiring level II training when researchers with level I training still found no difference between eye-movement experimental groups and no-eye-movement controls and deeming "alternate forms of bilateral stimulation" (such as finger-tapping) as variants of EMDR by the time a study found no difference between EMDR and a finger-tapping control group.<ref name="1999 Skeptic" /> Such changes in definition and training for EMDR have been described as "ad hoc moves [made] when confronted by embarrassing data".<ref name ="McNally2003">{{cite journal | vauthors = McNally RJ |title=The demise of pseudoscience |journal=The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice |year=2003 |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=97–101 |url=https://www.srmhp.org/0202/pseudoscience.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211230751/https://www.srmhp.org/0202/pseudoscience.html |archive-date=2005-02-11 }}</ref>
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