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Markworthen (talk | contribs) →Criticism: Clarity of expression, grammar/usage, syntax |
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=== Treating conditions other than PTSD ===
EMDR has been tested on a variety of other mental health conditions with mixed results.<ref name = "Cuijpers 2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cuijpers P, Veen SC, Sijbrandij M, Yoder W, Cristea IA | title = Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for mental health problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Cognitive Behaviour Therapy | volume = 49 | issue = 3 | pages = 165–180 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 32043428 | doi = 10.1080/16506073.2019.1703801 | doi-access = free | hdl = 11577/3461344 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
* A 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis found EMDR to have a moderate benefit in treating [[Depression (mood)|depression]], but the number and quality of the studies were low.<ref name="Carletto_2021">{{cite journal | vauthors = Carletto S, Malandrone F, Berchialla P, Oliva F, Colombi N, Hase M, Hofmann A, Ostacoli L | display-authors = 6 | title = Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = European Journal of Psychotraumatology | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 1894736 | date = April 2021 | pmid = 33889310 | pmc = 8043524 | doi = 10.1080/20008198.2021.1894736 }}</ref>
* Positive effects have also been shown for certain anxiety disorders, but the number of studies was low and the risk of bias high.<ref name="Cuijpers 2020" /> The American Psychological Association describes EMDR as "ineffective" for the treatment of [[panic disorder]].<ref name="APA_Panic_2010">{{cite book |last1=APA Work Group On Panic Disorder |title=Practice Guideline For The Treatment of Patients With Panic Disorder |date=2010 |publisher=American Psychological Association |page=13 |url=https://psychiatryonline.org/pb/assets/raw/sitewide/practice_guidelines/guidelines/panicdisorder.pdf |access-date=21 March 2023}}</ref>
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Furthermore, Novella argues that investigation into EMDR has been characterised by poor-quality studies, rather than tightly-controlled trials that could justify or falsify the mechanisms that have been proposed to support it. Novella writes that the research quantity nevertheless means that EMDR has claimed a place among accepted treatments and is "not likely going away anytime soon, even though it is a house of cards built on nothing".<ref name="f445">{{cite web | title=EMDR Is Still Dubious | publisher=Science-Based Medicine | date=23 October 2024 | url=https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/emdr-is-still-dubious/ | vauthors=Novella S}}</ref>
EMDR has been characterised as a modern-day [[mesmerism]], as the therapies have striking resemblances, from the sole inventor who devises the system while out walking, to the large business empire built on exaggerated claims. In the case of EMDR, these have included the suggestions that EMDR could drain violence from society and be useful in treating [[cancer]] and [[HIV/AIDS]].<ref name="tsep">{{cite book |title=[[The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience]] |vauthors=Rosen GM, McNally RJ, Lilienfield SO |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-57607-653-8 |veditors=Shermer M, Linse P |volume=1 |pages=321–326 |chapter=EMDR: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing}}</ref> Psychology historian Luis Cordón has compared the popularity of EMDR to that of other cult-like pseudosciences, [[facilitated communication]] and [[thought field therapy]].<ref name=cordon>{{cite book |veditors=Cordón LA |year=2005 |title=Popular psychology: An encyclopedia |publisher=Greenwood Press |chapter=Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing |pages=81–82}}</ref>
A parody website advertising "sudotherapy" created by a fictional "Fatima Shekel" appeared on the internet in the 1990s.<ref name="The Psychologist_2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = de Jongh A, ten Broeke E |title=A course in pseudoscience |journal=De Psycholoog |date=February 2007 |pages=87–91 |url=https://www.dousa.nl/DePsycholoogFebr2007letters.pdf |access-date=15 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="McNally_Dutch">{{cite journal | vauthors = McNally RJ |title=emdr en mesmerisme |journal=DTH Magazine |date=2001 |volume=3 |issue=21 |url=https://www.directievetherapie.nl/artikelen/jaargang21/emdr-en-mesmerisme-21-3-270/ |access-date=15 April 2023 |language=Dutch}}</ref><ref name=ps-in_sudotherapy/> Proponents of EMDR described the website as libelous, since the website contained an image of a pair of shifting eyes following a cat named "Sudo", and "Fatima Shekel" has the same initials as EMDR's founder, Francine Shapiro.<ref name=ps-in_sudotherapy/> However, no legal action took place against the website or its founders.<ref name=ps-in_sudotherapy>{{cite book |chapter=Chapter 1: Characteristics of Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice |title=Science and Pseudoscience in Social Work Practice |vauthors=Thyer BA, Pignotti MG |year=2015 |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1891/9780826177698.0004 |isbn=9780826177681}}</ref>
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