Research and development: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:49, 9 February 2025

Revision as of 06:41, 19 February 2025

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A notable example is the [[European environmental research and innovation policy]], based on the [[Europe 2020]] strategy which will run from 2014 to 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-11-848_en.htm?locale=en|title=European Commission – PRESS RELEASES – Press release – Horizon 2020: Commission proposes €80 billion investment in research and innovation, to boost growth and jobs|website=europa.eu|language=en|access-date=2017-12-12}}</ref> a multidisciplinary effort to provide safe, economically feasible, environmentally sound and socially acceptable solutions along the entire value chain of human activities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02013R1291-20150704|title=EUR-Lex – 02013R1291-20150704 – EN – EUR-Lex|website=eur-lex.europa.eu|language=en|access-date=2017-03-16}}</ref>

Firms that have embraced advanced digital technology devote a greater proportion of their investment efforts to R&D. Firms who engaged in digitisation during the pandemic report spending a big portion of their expenditure in 2020 on software, data, IT infrastructure, and website operations.<ref name=":34">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/digitalisation-in-europe-2021-2022 |title=Digitalisation in Europe 2021–2022: Evidence from the EIB Investment Survey |date=2022-05-05 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5233-7 |language=EN}}</ref><ref name="presscorner">{{Cite web |title=Press corner |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en |access-date=2022-05-31 |website=European Commission – European Commission |language=en}}</ref> A 2021/2022 survey found that one in every seven enterprises in the Central, Eastern and South Eastern regions (14%) may be classed as active innovators — that is, firms that spent heavily in research and development and developed a new product, process, or service — however this figure is lower than the EU average of 18%. In 2022, 67% of enterprises in the same region deployed at least one sophisticated digital technology, and 69% EU firms did the same.'''<ref name=":115">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20220265-econ-eibis-2022-cesee |title=EIB Investment Survey 2022 – CESEE overview |date=2023-01-11 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5435-5 |language=EN}}</ref>'''

As of 2023, European enterprises account for 18% of the world's top 2 500 R&D corporations, but just 10% of new entrants, compared to 45% in the United States and 32% in China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230323-investment-report-2023 |title=EIB Investment Report 2023/2024: Transforming for competitiveness |date=2024-02-07 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5648-9 |language=EN}}</ref>

As of 2024, the electronics sector leads in R&D investment, with 28% of its total investment dedicated to it. This is followed by textiles (19%), digital (18%), and aerospace (15%). Other sectors allocate less than 10% of their total investment to R&D.<ref name=":204">{{Cite book |last=Bank |first=European Investment |url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20230325-post-covid-recovery-and-green-transition-an-ecosystem-view |title=Post-COVID recovery and green transition: An ecosystem view |date=2024-05-08 |publisher=European Investment Bank |isbn=978-92-861-5617-5 |language=EN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |titlename=Press corner |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/"presscorner"/home/en |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=European Commission - European Commission}}</ref>

While 17% of the world’s top R&D investors are based in the European Union, they accounted for only 1% of acquisitions involving EU-based companies between 2013 and 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2023 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard {{!}} IRI |url=https://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/scoreboard/2023-eu-industrial-rd-investment-scoreboard |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu}}</ref><ref name=":211">{{Cite web |title=The scale-up gap: Financial market constraints holding back innovative firms in the European Union |url=https://www.eib.org/the-scale-up-gap |access-date=2024-07-30 |website=European Investment Bank |language=en}}</ref><gallery mode="packed">