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==== Endemic ====
If the proportion of carriers in a given population reaches a given threshold, a disease is said to be [[Endemic (epidemiology)|endemic]].{{sfn | Oxford |Kellam|Collier| 2016 | p=63}} Before the advent of vaccination, infections with viruses were common and outbreaks occurred regularly. In countries with a temperate climate, viral diseases are usually seasonal. [[Poliomyelitis]], caused by [[poliovirus]] often occurred in the summer months.<ref name="pmid29961515">{{cite journal |vauthors=Strand LK |title=The Terrible Summer of 1952 … When Polio Struck Our Family |journal=Seminars in Pediatric Neurology |volume=26 |pages=39–44 |date=July 2018 |pmid=29961515 |doi=10.1016/j.spen.2017.04.001 |s2cid=49640682 }}</ref> By contrast colds, influenza and rotavirus infections are usually a problem during the winter months.<ref name="pmid22958213">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moorthy M, Castronovo D, Abraham A, Bhattacharyya S, Gradus S, Gorski J, Naumov YN, Fefferman NH, Naumova EN |title=Deviations in influenza seasonality: odd coincidence or obscure consequence? |journal=Clinical Microbiology and Infection |volume=18 |issue=10 |pages=955–962 |date=October 2012 |pmid=22958213 |pmc=3442949 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03959.x }}</ref><ref name="pmid25777068">{{cite journal |vauthors=Barril PA, Fumian TM, Prez VE, Gil PI, Martínez LC, Giordano MO, Masachessi G, Isa MB, Ferreyra LJ, Ré VE, Miagostovich M, Pavan JV, Nates SV |title=Rotavirus seasonality in urban sewage from Argentina: effect of meteorological variables on the viral load and the genetic diversity |journal=Environmental Research |volume=138 |pages=409–415 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25777068 |doi=10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.004 |bibcode=2015ER....138..409B |hdl=11336/61497 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Other viruses, such as [[measles virus]], caused outbreaks regularly every third year.<ref name="pmid25444814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Durrheim DN, Crowcroft NS, Strebel PM |title=Measles – The epidemiology of elimination |journal=Vaccine |volume=32 |issue=51 |pages=6880–6883 |date=December 2014 |pmid=25444814 |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.061 |doi-access=free |hdl=1959.13/1299149 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> In developing countries, viruses that cause respiratory and enteric infections are common throughout the year. Viruses carried by insects are a common cause of diseases in these settings. [[Zika]] and [[dengue virus]]es for example are transmitted by
==== Pandemic and emergent ====
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