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[[File:PhageExterior.svg|thumb|upright=0.6|The structure of a typical bacteriophage]]
Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and [[archaea]].{{sfn | Oxford |Kellam|Collier| 2016 | p=19}} They are important in [[marine ecology]]: as the infected bacteria burst, carbon compounds are released back into the environment, which stimulates fresh organic growth. Bacteriophages are useful in scientific research because they are harmless to humans and can be studied easily. These viruses can be a problem in industries that produce food and drugs by [[Industrial fermentation|fermentation]] and depend on healthy bacteria. Some bacterial infections are becoming difficult to control with antibiotics, so there is a growing interest in [[phage therapy]], the use of bacteriophages to treat infections in humans.<ref>{{harvnb|Shors|2017|p=803}}</ref>
=== Host resistance ===
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