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→Formal operational stage: Mentioned article on "Piaget for Chemists" Tag: Reverted |
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Children in primary school years mostly use [[inductive reasoning]], but adolescents start to use [[deductive reasoning]]. Inductive reasoning is when children draw general conclusions from personal experiences and specific facts. Adolescents learn how to use deductive reasoning by applying logic to create specific conclusions from abstract concepts. This capability results from their capacity to think hypothetically.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Invitation to the Life Span, Second Edition|last = Berger|first = Kathleen Stassen|publisher = Worth Publishers|year = 2014|___location = New York}}</ref>
"However, research has shown that not all persons in all cultures reach formal operations, and most people do not use formal operations in all aspects of their lives".<ref>{{cite book|last=Arnett|first=Jeffrey|title=Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: A Cultural Approach|year=2013|publisher=Pearson Education Inc.|___location=New York|page=91|edition=5th|chapter=3}}</ref> American chemistry professor J. Dudley Herron has argued that a substantial fraction of entering college students have not reached formal operational level and therefore have difficulty understanding abstract concepts in courses such as chemistry.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Herron |first1=J. Dudley |title=Piaget for chemists. Explaining what "good" students cannot understand |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed052p146?ref=recommended |website=ACS Publications |publisher=ACS (American Chemical Society) |access-date=6 March 2025 |date=1 March 1975}}</ref>
====Experiments====
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