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Although Canada is a [[Federation|federal state]], a large portion of its land mass in the north is under the legislative jurisdiction of the federal government (called [[Provinces and territories of Canada|territories, as opposed to provinces]]). This has been the case since 1870. In 1870 the [[Deed of Surrender]] or 'Rupert's Land and North-Western Territory Order' effected the admission of [[Rupert's Land]] and the [[North-Western Territory]] to Canada, pursuant to section 146 of the [[Constitution Act, 1867]] and the [[Rupert's Land Act 1868]]. The [[Manitoba Act, 1870]], which created [[Manitoba]] out of part of Rupert's Land, also designated the remainder of both the Northwest Territories (NWT), over which Parliament was to exercise full legislative authority under the [[Constitution Act, 1871]].
[[Yukon]] was carved from the Northwest Territories in 1898 but remained a territory. In 1905, the provinces of [[Alberta]] and [[Saskatchewan]] were carved from the [[Northwest Territories]]. Portions of [[Rupert's Land]] were added to the provinces of [[Ontario]] and [[Quebec]], extending those provinces northward from their previous narrow band around the [[St. Lawrence River|St. Lawrence]] and lower [[Great Lakes]]. The [[District of Ungava]] was a regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories from 1895 to 1912. The continental areas of said district were transferred by the [[Parliament of Canada]] with the adoption of the [[Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898]] and the [[Quebec Boundaries Extension Act, 1912]]. The status of the interior of [[Labrador]] that was believed part of Ungava was settled in 1927 by the British [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]], which ruled in favour of the [[Dominion of Newfoundland]]. The offshore islands to the west and north of Quebec remained part of the Northwest Territories
Since the 1970s, the federal government has been transferring its regional decision-making powers to territorial governments. This means greater local control and accountability by northerners for decisions central to the future of the territories. In 1999, the federal government created [[Nunavut]] pursuant to a land claim agreement reached with [[Inuit]], the indigenous people of Canada's [[Arctic]]. Since that time, the federal government has slowly devolved legislative jurisdiction to the territories. Enabling the territories to become more self-sufficient and prosperous and to play a stronger role in the Canadian federation is considered a key component to development in [[Northern Canada|Canada's North]]. Among the three territories, devolution is most advanced in Yukon.
On June 18, 2021, [[Nunatsiavut]], the [[Indigenous self-government in Canada|Inuit self-government]] in [[Labrador]], stated that it had begun the process of seeking devolution of [[Child protective services|child protection services]] from the [[Newfoundland and Labrador]] [[Department of Children, Seniors and Social Development]] with the goal for negotiations to conclude within three years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://vocm.com/2021/06/18/nunatsiavut-government-developing-plan-to-take-over-child-welfare-services-in-labrador-from-provincial-government/ |title=Nunatsiavut to Self-Govern Child Welfare Services in Labrador Inuit Communities |newspaper=VOCM |date=2021-06-18 |access-date=2022-02-28|author1=Jolene Grimes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/news/nunatsiavut-government-is-taking-over-child-welfare-system-for-labrador-inuit-100601869/|title = Nunatsiavut Government planning to take over child-welfare system for Labrador Inuit | SaltWire | last1=Careen | first1=Evan }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=NTV News |url=http://ntv.ca/nunatsiavut-government-planning-to-take-control-of-child-welfare-services/ |title=Nunatsiavut Government planning to take control of child welfare services |publisher=ntv.ca |date=2021-06-18 |access-date=2022-02-28 |archive-date=2022-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702073058/http://ntv.ca/nunatsiavut-government-planning-to-take-control-of-child-welfare-services/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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