European Bank for Reconstruction and Development: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 13:53, 10 March 2025

Revision as of 23:42, 22 March 2025

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The '''European Bank for Reconstruction and Development''', shortened to '''EBRD''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Banque européenne pour la reconstruction et le développement'' or ''BERD''), is an [[international financial institution]] founded in 1991. As a multilateral developmental [[investment bank]], the EBRD uses [[investment]] as a tool to build [[Market economy|market economies]].

Initially focused on the countries of the former [[Eastern Bloc]] it expanded to support development in more than 30 countries from Central Europe to Central Asia. Similar to other multilateral development banks, the EBRD has members from all over the world (North America, Africa, Asia and Australia, see below), with the biggest single shareholder being the [[United States]], but only lends regionally in its countries of operations. Headquartered in [[London]], the EBRD is owned by 7375 countries and two [[European Union]] institutions, the newest shareholder being [[Nigeria]] since February 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=EBRD |title=Nigeria: EBRD Shareholder Profile |url=https://www.ebrd.com/sites/ContentServer?c=Content&d=&rendermode=preview&cid=1395325207513&pagename=EBRD%2FContent%2FContentLayout#:~:text=In%20February%202025%2C%20Nigeria%20became,its%20membership%20in%20May%202024. |website=European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |access-date=7 March 2025}}</ref> Despite its public sector shareholders, it invests in private enterprises, together with commercial partners.

The EBRD is not to be confused with the [[European Investment Bank]] (EIB), which is owned by EU member states and is used to support EU policy. EBRD is also distinct from the [[Council of Europe Development Bank]] (CEB).

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=== Board of Governors ===

Representatives from each member state compose this board, they have authority power. Currently (2024-2025) Slovenia is the Chair of Board of Governors, and Iceland is the Vice Chair.

=== Board of Directors ===

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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"

|+ EBRD shareholders<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ebrd.com/shareholdershome/who-andwe-boardare/our-of-governorsorganisation/shareholders.html|title = European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Shareholders and Board of Governors | access-date=23 March 2025}}</ref>

! Shareholder !! Date joined !! Capital subscription

|-

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|-

| style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Italy}} || 28 March 1991 || €{{val|2556510000}}

|-

|{{CIV}}

|18 December 2024

|€{{val|2030000}}

|-

| style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Japan}} || 2 April 1991 || €{{val|2900110000}}

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|-

| style="text-align:left" | {{flag|New Zealand}} || 19 August 1991 || €{{val|10500000}}

|-

|{{NGR}}

|26 February 2025

|€{{val|522000}}

|-

| style="text-align:left" | {{flag|North Macedonia}} || 21 April 1993 || €{{val|19980000}}

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| style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Uzbekistan}} || 30 April 1992 || €{{val|44120000}}

|- class="sortbottom"

! 7375+2 total !! (28 March 1991) !! €{{val|2974889000029751442000}}

|}

== Public banking ==