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An early BIM standard was the CIMSteel Integration Standard, CIS/2, a product model and data exchange file format for structural steel project information (CIMsteel: Computer Integrated Manufacturing of Constructional Steelwork). CIS/2 enables seamless and integrated information exchange during the design and construction of steel framed structures. It was developed by the [[University of Leeds]] and the UK's Steel Construction Institute in the late 1990s, with inputs from [[Georgia Tech]], and was approved by the [[American Institute of Steel Construction]] as its data exchange format for structural steel in 2000.<ref name="NIST-CIS/2">{{cite web |title=SteelVis (aka CIS/2 Viewer) |url=https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/steelvis-aka-cis2-viewer |website=NIST |date=20 May 2011 |access-date=25 May 2020 |archive-date=19 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619205054/https://www.nist.gov/services-resources/software/steelvis-aka-cis2-viewer |url-status=live }}</ref>
BIM is often associated with [[Industry Foundation Classes]] (IFCs) and [[aecXML]] – data structures for representing information – developed by [[buildingSMART]]. IFC is recognised by the [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] and has been an international standard, ISO 16739, since 2013.<ref name="BSmart-Mar2013">{{cite news |title=IFC4 poised for wider reach as ISO 16739 launched |url=http://open.bimreal.com/bim/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/IFC4-special-supplement.pdf |work=IFC4 Special |publisher=BuildingSmart International |date=March 2013 |access-date=2020-05-25 |archive-date=2020-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915074909/http://open.bimreal.com/bim/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/IFC4-special-supplement.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> OpenBIM is an initiative by buildingSMART that promotes open standards and interoperability. Based on the IFC standard, it allows vendor-neutral BIM data exchange. OpenBIM standards also include [[BIM Collaboration Format]] (BCF) for issue tracking and [[Information Delivery Specification]] (IDS) for defining model requirements.<ref>[https://www.archdaily.com/982389/what-is-open-bim-and-what-are-its-advantages-over-closed-bim What is Open BIM and What Are Its Advantages Over Closed BIM?], ''ArchDaily'' 2 June 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2024.</ref>
Construction Operations Building information exchange ([[COBie]]) is also associated with BIM. COBie was devised by Bill East of the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] in 2007,<ref name=East2007>{{cite web|last=East|first=E. William|title=Construction Operation Building Information Exchange|url=http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA491932|publisher=USACE ERDC|access-date=8 October 2012|archive-date=8 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408131403/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA491932|url-status=dead}}</ref> and helps capture and record equipment lists, product data sheets, warranties, spare parts lists, and preventive maintenance schedules. This information is used to support operations, maintenance and asset management once a built asset is in service.<ref name=NIBSe-news>{{cite web|last=East|first=William|title=Corps of Engineers Pilots COBie|url=http://www.nibs.org/page/0612_COE_COBie/|work=Building Sciences Monthly e-Newsletter|publisher=NIBS|access-date=8 October 2012|archive-date=9 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609002308/http://www.nibs.org/page/0612_COE_COBie/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2011, it was approved by the US-based [[National Institute of Building Sciences]] as part of its National Building Information Model (NBIMS-US) standard.<ref name=ERDC>{{cite web|title=CERL's COBie is National Institute of Building Sciences Approved|url=http://erdc.usace.army.mil/news-2011/cerls-cobie-is-national-institute-of-building-sciences-approved/|work=Engineer Research & Development Center|publisher=ERDC|access-date=8 October 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121212025312/http://erdc.usace.army.mil/news-2011/cerls-cobie-is-national-institute-of-building-sciences-approved/|archive-date=2012-12-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> COBie has been incorporated into software, and may take several forms including spreadsheet, IFC, and ifcXML. In early 2013 [[BuildingSMART]] was working on a lightweight XML format, COBieLite, which became available for review in April 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=East|first=Bill|title=COBieLite: A lightweight XML format for COBie data|url=http://buildingsmartalliance.org/index.php/projects/cobielite/|publisher=National Institute of Building Sciences|access-date=27 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130506100757/http://buildingsmartalliance.org/index.php/projects/cobielite/|archive-date=6 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> In September 2014, a code of practice regarding COBie was issued as a British Standard: BS 1192-4.<ref name=1192-4>{{cite web|title=BS 1192-4:2014 Collaborative production of information. Fulfilling employer's information exchange requirements using COBie. Code of practice|url=https://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030294672|access-date=2020-05-26|archive-date=2020-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915075344/https://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030294672|url-status=live}}</ref>
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