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The '''European Bank for Reconstruction and Development''', shortened to '''EBRD''' ([[French language|French]]: ''Banque européenne pour la reconstruction et le développement'' or ''BERD''), is an [[international financial institution]] founded in 1991 in Paris. As a multilateral developmental [[investment bank]], the EBRD uses [[investment]] as a tool to build [[Market economy|market economies]].
Initially focused on the countries of the former [[Eastern Bloc]] it expanded to support development in more than 30 countries from Central Europe to Central Asia. Similar to other multilateral development banks, the EBRD has members from all over the world (North America, Africa, Asia and Australia, see below), with the biggest single shareholder being the [[United States]], but only lends regionally in its countries of operations. Headquartered in [[London]], the EBRD is owned by 75 countries and two [[European Union]] institutions, the newest shareholder being [[Nigeria]] since February 2025.<ref>{{cite web |last1=EBRD |title=Nigeria: EBRD Shareholder Profile |url=https://www.ebrd.com/sites/ContentServer?c=Content&d=&rendermode=preview&cid=1395325207513&pagename=EBRD%2FContent%2FContentLayout#:~:text=In%20February%202025%2C%20Nigeria%20became,its%20membership%20in%20May%202024. |website=European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |access-date=7 March 2025}}</ref> Despite its public sector shareholders, it invests in private enterprises, together with commercial partners.
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