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Expand on portability issues due to proprietary APIs |
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== Portability ==
Java Card aims at defining a standard [[smart card]] computing environment allowing the same Java Card applet to run on different smart cards, much like a Java applet runs on different computers. As in Java, this is accomplished using the combination of a virtual machine (the Java Card Virtual Machine), and a well-defined runtime library, which largely abstracts the applet from differences between smart cards. Portability remains mitigated by issues of memory size, performance, and runtime support (e.g. for communication protocols or cryptographic algorithms). Moreover, vendors often expose proprietary [[API]]s specific to their ecosystem, further limiting portability for applets that rely on such calls.
To address these limitations, [[Vasilios Mavroudis]] and [[Petr Svenda]] introduced JCMathLib, an open-source cryptographic wrapper library for Java Card, enabling low-level cryptographic computations not supported by the standard API.<ref>{{cite conference |last1=Mavroudis |first1=Vasilios |last2=Svenda |first2=Petr |title=JCMathLib: Wrapper Cryptographic Library for Transparent and Certifiable JavaCard Applets |book-title=2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW) |publisher=IEEE |year=2020 |pages=383–390 |doi=10.1109/EuroSPW51379.2020.00056}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=JCMathLib |url=https://github.com/OpenCryptoProject/JCMathLib |website=GitHub |access-date=2025-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OpenCrypto: Unchaining the JavaCard Ecosystem |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vd0-Uhx2OoQ |website=YouTube |access-date=2025-04-12}}</ref>
== Security ==
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