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'''Compact Disc Digital Audio''' ('''CDDA''' or '''CD-DA'''), also known as '''Digital Audio Compact Disc''' or simply as '''Audio CD''', is the [[standardization|standard]] format for audio [[compact disc]]s. The standard is defined in the ''[[Rainbow Books|Red Book]]'' [[technical specification]]s, which is why the format is also dubbed ''"Redbook audio"'' in some contexts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Redbook Audio (Concept) |url=https://www.giantbomb.com/redbook-audio/3015-6487/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Giant Bomb |language=en}}</ref> CDDA utilizes [[pulse-code modulation]] (PCM) and uses a [[44,100 Hz]] sampling frequency and 16-bit resolution, and was originally specified to store up to 74 minutes of [[stereo]] audio per disc.
The first commercially available audio [[CD player]], the [[Sony CDP-101]], was released in October 1982 in Japan. The format gained worldwide acceptance in 1983–84, selling more than a million CD players in its first two years, to play 22.5 million discs,<ref>{{cite book |last=Pohlmann |first=Ken C. |title=Principles of Digital Audio |date=2000 |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-07-134819-5 |page=244}}</ref> before overtaking [[phonograph record|records]] and [[Cassette tape|cassette tapes]] to become the dominant standard for commercial music. Peaking around year 2000, the audio CD contracted over the next decade due to rising popularity and revenue from [[Music download|digital downloading]], and during the 2010s by [[Music streaming service|digital music streaming]],<ref>{{cite news |date=14 April 2015 |title=IFPI publishes Digital Music Report 2015 |url=https://www.ifpi.org/news/Global-digital-music-revenues-match-physical-format-sales-for-first-time |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414194629/https://www.ifpi.org/news/Global-digital-music-revenues-match-physical-format-sales-for-first-time |archive-date=14 April 2015 |access-date=1 July 2016}}</ref> but has remained as one of the primary distribution methods for the [[music industry]].<ref name="AutoMR-2">{{cite news |last=Plambeck |first=Joseph |date=30 May 2010 |title=As CD Sales Wane, Music Retailers Diversify |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/31/business/media/31bestbuy.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501175846/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/31/business/media/31bestbuy.html |archive-date=1 May 2017 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> In the United States, phonograph record revenues surpassed the CD in 2020 for the first time since the 1980s,<ref>{{cite news |date=10 September 2020 |title=Vinyl Outsells CDs For the First Time in Decades |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/vinyl-outsells-cds-for-the-first-time-in-decades
In the music industry, audio CDs have been generally sold as either a [[CD single]] (now largely dormant), or as full-length [[album]]s, the latter of which has been more commonplace since the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1999: The Year the Record Industry Lost Control |url=https://theafterword.co.uk/1999-the-year-the-record-industry-lost-control/ |access-date=2024-05-03 |website=theafterword.co.uk}}</ref> The format has also been influential in the progression of [[video game music]], used in [[Mixed Mode CD|mixed mode]] [[CD-ROM|CD-ROMs]], providing CD-quality audio popularized during the 1990s on hardware such as [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]], [[Sega Saturn]] and [[personal computers]] with 16-bit [[sound cards]] like the [[Sound Blaster|Sound Blaster 16]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Collins |first=Karen |title=From Bits to Hits: Video Games Music Changes its Tune |___location=School of Music, University of Windsor}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=September 1995 |title=Group Test: 90MHz Pentiums - Sound cards |url=https://archive.org/details/PersonalComputerWorldMagazine/PCW%20199509%20September%20Created%20From%20PCW%20Cover%20CD/ |magazine=[[Personal Computer World]] |volume=18 |issue=9}}</ref>
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With the advent and popularity of [[Digital distribution|Internet-based distribution]] of files in [[Lossy compression|lossy-compressed]] [[audio format]]s such as [[MP3]], sales of CDs began to decline in the 2000s. For example, between 2000 and 2008, despite overall growth in music sales and one anomalous year of increase, major-label CD sales declined overall by 20%.<ref name="AutoMR-11">{{cite news |first=Ethan |last=Smith |title=Music Sales Decline for Seventh Time in Eight Years: Digital Downloads Can't Offset 20% Plunge in CD Sales |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123075988836646491?mod=rss_whats_news_technology&mg=com-wsj |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=2 January 2009 |access-date=4 March 2009 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020191140/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123075988836646491?mod=rss_whats_news_technology&mg=com-wsj |archive-date=20 October 2017 }}</ref> Despite rapidly declining sales year-over-year, the pervasiveness of the technology lingered for a time, with companies placing CDs in pharmacies, supermarkets, and filling station convenience stores to target buyers less likely to be able to use Internet-based distribution.<ref name="AndItsEnd" />
In 2012, CDs and DVDs made up only 34% of music sales in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tokyotimes.com/buying-cds-continues-to-be-a-tradition-in-japan/|title=Buying CDs continues to be a tradition in Japan – Tokyo Times|date=23 August 2013|access-date=30 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220150903/https://www.tokyotimes.com/buying-cds-continues-to-be-a-tradition-in-japan/|archive-date=20 December 2016}}</ref> By 2015, only 24% of music in the United States was purchased on physical media, two thirds of this consisting of CDs;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://riaa.com/media/238E8AC7-3810-A95C-44DC-B6DEB46A3C6E.pdf|title=News and Notes on 2015 Mid-Year RIAA Shipment and Revenue Statistics|last=Friedlander|first=Joshua P.|year=2015|publisher=Recording Industry Association of America|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930135150/https://riaa.com/media/238E8AC7-3810-A95C-44DC-B6DEB46A3C6E.pdf|archive-date=30 September 2015}}</ref> however, in the same year in Japan, over 80% of music was bought on CDs and other physical formats.<ref>Sisaro, Ben. ''New York Times'' 11 June 2015: {{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/12/business/media/line-music-a-new-streaming-service-aims-at-japanese-market.html?_r=0|title=Music Streaming Service Aims at Japan, Where CD Is Still King|newspaper=The New York Times|date=11 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020191923/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/12/business/media/line-music-a-new-streaming-service-aims-at-japanese-market.html?_r=0|archive-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live|access-date=26 August 2017|last1=Sisario|first1=Ben}}</ref> In 2018, U.S. CD sales were 52 million units—less than 6% of the peak sales volume in 2000.<ref name="statista" /> In the UK, 32 million units were sold, almost 100 million fewer than in 2008.<ref>{{citation |title=Is this the end of owning music? |work=BBC News |date=3 January 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-46735093 |access-date=3 March 2021 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002704/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-46735093 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, [[Best Buy]] announced plans to decrease their focus on CD sales, however, while continuing to sell records, sales of which are growing during the [[vinyl revival]].<ref name="bestverge">{{cite web |last=Ong |first=Thuy |date=6 February 2018 |title=Best Buy will stop selling CDs as digital music revenue continues to grow |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/6/16973538/bestbuy-target-cd-sales-vinyl-cassette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206181746/https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/6/16973538/bestbuy-target-cd-sales-vinyl-cassette |archive-date=6 February 2018 |access-date=6 February 2018 |website=[[The Verge]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Owsinski |first=Bobby |date=7 July 2018 |title=Best Buy, Winding Down CD Sales, Pounds Another Nail Into The Format's Coffin |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobbyowsinski/2018/07/07/best-buy-cd-sales
During the 2010s, the increasing popularity of solid-state media and music streaming services caused automakers to remove automotive CD players in favor of [[minijack]] auxiliary inputs, wired connections to USB devices and wireless [[Bluetooth]] connections.<ref name="Biersdorfer">{{cite news |last1=Biersdorfer |first1=J.D. |title=Hand Me the AUX Cord |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/technology/personaltech/hand-me-the-aux-cord.html |access-date=12 January 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=March 17, 2017 |archive-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112053206/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/17/technology/personaltech/hand-me-the-aux-cord.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Automakers viewed CD players as using up valuable space and taking up weight which could be reallocated to more popular features, like large touchscreens.<ref name="Ramey">{{cite news |last1=Ramey |first1=Jay |title=Do You Want a CD Player in a New Car? |url=https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/classic-cars/a35459280/do-you-want-a-cd-player-in-a-new-car/ |access-date=12 January 2022 |work=Autoweek |date=February 9, 2021 |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827104052/https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/classic-cars/a35459280/do-you-want-a-cd-player-in-a-new-car/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2021, only [[Lexus]] and [[General Motors]] were still including CD players as standard equipment with certain vehicles.<ref name="Ramey" />
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