Joint All-Domain Command and Control: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 04:12, 29 November 2024

Revision as of 00:09, 15 April 2025

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*##Tracking layer for hypersonic glide vehicles, which represent threats to the multi-layer satellite system

*##Space situational awareness for cis-lunar trajectories,

*#NavWar</ref>{{rp|minute 17:45}}<ref name= usRussChina >Lt. Gen. Eric J. Wesley, U.S. Army, Chief Warrant Officer 5 Jon Bates, U.S. Army [https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/May-June-2020/Wesley-Winning-Tomorrow/ (May-Jun 2020) To Change an Army—Winning Tomorrow] The MDO concept —TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1</ref> }}--><ref name="mdo,apg">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-13 |title=The U.S. Army Modernization Strategy |url=https://apgnews.com/community-news/news-briefs/the-u-s-army-modernization-strategy/ |access-date=2021-12-15 |website=APG News |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215121632/https://apgnews.com/community-news/news-briefs/the-u-s-army-modernization-strategy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="sxsw2019,8mar">Anthony Small {{citation |publisher=US Army |url=https://www.army.mil/article/218531/futures_command_highlights_changes_new_structure_at_sxsw |date=13 March 2019| title=Futures Command Deputy Commanding General talks the U.S. Army's Future at South by Southwest}}</ref><ref name=mdo400people>Todd South [https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2019/09/12/massive-simulation-shows-the-need-for-speed-in-multi-___domain-ops/ (13 September 2019) Massive simulation shows the need for speed in multi-___domain ops] "400 participants working with 55 formations, 64 concepts and 150 capabilities"</ref><ref name="MDOps2018Concept">Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. {{Cite web|date=2018-12-07|title=Army Multi-Domain Update: New HQs, Grey Zones, & The Art of The Unfeasible|url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2018/12/army-multi-___domain-update-new-hqs-grey-zones-the-art-of-the-unfeasible/|access-date=2021-12-15|website=Breaking Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> Joint planning and operations are also part of the impending DoD emphasis on multi-___domain operations.<ref name=mdb >Gen. [[David G. Perkins]], U.S. Army [https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/November-December-2017/Multi-Domain-Battle-The-Advent-of-Twenty-First-Century-War/ (Nov-Dec 2017) Multi-Domain Battle: The Advent of Twenty-First Century War]</ref><ref name=7mar2019Aps >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/03/us-gets-its-ass-handed-to-it-in-wargames-heres-a-24-billion-fix/ (7 March 2019) US ‘Gets Its Ass Handed To It’ In Wargames: Here's A $24 Billion Fix] Army prepositioned stocks (APS) vulnerability</ref><ref name="40yearPerspective">{{Cite web|title=Readiness for the 21st Century: An interview with retired Gen. David McKiernan|url=https://www.army.mil/article/210106/readiness_for_the_21st_century_an_interview_with_retired_gen_david_mckiernan|access-date=2021-12-14|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref><ref name=howFCSfailed >Matthew Cox [https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/04/28/could-armys-quest-leap-ahead-technologies-be-its-undoing.html (28 April 2018) How Future Combat Systems Failed]</ref><ref name=afcJadc2 >Army Futures Command [https://www.army.mil/standto/archive_2020-archive/2020/02-/28/ (28 February 2020) Joint All Domain Command and Control] AFC is the functional lead representing the Army in JADC2's development</ref> Multi-___domain battalions,{{efn|name= i2cews|1= When used in multi-___domain operations, I2CEWS denotes ''Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare, and Space''. ''See: [[Intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance#ISR (Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance)|ISR]], or Intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance'', and ''[[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]''}} first stood up in 2019,<ref name=MDO,Icorps>Army News Service. I Corps has I2CEWS Battalion or Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare and Space Battalion —Joe Lacdan,[http:{{dead link|date=October 2022}}//fortblissbugle.com/2019/06june/062019/pdf/062019part1b.pdf (6/19/2019) Army leaders say service must shore up its space defense]

*Jason Cutshaw [https://web.archive.org/web/20190329010526/https://www.army.mil/article/217620/smdc_supports_the_development_of_i2cews_battalions_for_multi_domain_operations (SMDC/ARSTRAT) (21 February 2019) SMDC supports the development of I2CEWS battalions for multi-___domain operations]

*Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/01/hack-jam-sense-shoot-army-creates-1st-multi-___domain-unit/ (24 Jan 2019) Hack, Jam, Sense & Shoot: Army Creates 1st Multi-Domain Unit] an MDO BN for Targeting, I Corps</ref><ref name=indoPacCom>US Army [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZ9e38B4sxQ (4 Sep 2018) U.S. Army Pacific Commander Gen. Robert Brown: State of the Pacific ]</ref> comprise a single unit<ref name="ai,mdc2">{{Cite web|last=Freedberg Jr|first=Sydney|date=2018-11-30|title=Forget The Terminator For Future Army AI: LTG Wesley|url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2018/11/artificial-intelligence-key-to-commanding-future-army-ltg-wesley/|access-date=2021-12-15|website=Breaking Defense|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="multiDomainManeuver">{{Citation|title=AUSA Aviation Hot Topic 2018 - PANEL 1 - Multi Domain Maneuver|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wuAE5eIcFdA|language=en|access-date=2021-12-15}}</ref> for air, land,<ref name=smdMdo >Jason Cutshaw (USASMDC) [https://www.army.mil/article/225470/leader_gives_space_and_missile_defense_update_at_smd_symposium (8 August 2019) Leader gives space and missile defense update at SMD Symposium] Integrated fires across domains</ref> space,<ref name=Atlas5 >Stephen Clark [https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/08/08/atlas-5-launch-adds-to-u-s-militarys-secure-communications-satellite-network/ (8 August 2019) Atlas 5 launch adds to U.S. military's secure communications satellite network ] Air Force's fifth AEHF ([[Advanced Extremely High Frequency]]) communications satellite</ref><ref name=tacticalSpace>Office of the Chief of Public Affairs [https://www.dvidshub.net/video/715345/2019-ausa-warriors-corner-tacticalspace-delivering-future-force-space-capabilities (10.16.2019) 2019 AUSA Warriors Corner - TacticalSpace: Delivering Future Force Space Capabilities]

*Loren Thompson [https://www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2019/07/30/defense-against-hypersonic-attack-is-becoming-the-biggest-military-challenge-of-the-trump-era/#446b77d062c0 (30 Jul 2019) Defense Against Hypersonic Attack Is Becoming The Biggest Military Challenge Of The Trump Era ]</ref><ref name=hbtss>John L. Dolan, Richard K. Gallagher & David L. Mann [https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2019/04/23/hypersonic_weapons__a_threat_to_national_security_114358.html (23 April 2019) Hypersonic Weapons – A Threat to National Security] Hypersonic and Ballistic Tracking Space Sensor (HBTSS)

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*Melanie Marlowe [https://www.c4isrnet.com/space/2020/04/08/three-obstacles-are-slowing-space-sensors-for-hypersonic-threats/ (8 April 2020) Three obstacles are slowing space sensors for hypersonic threats] Continuous tracking is needed to maintain custody of a hypersonic threat before its disposition.

*David Brennan [https://www.newsweek.com/pentagon-orders-hypersonic-missile-trackers-russia-china-arms-race-1564754 (27 Jan 2021) Pentagon Orders Hypersonic Missile Trackers Amid Russia, China Arms Race] HBTSS awards to L3Harris; Northrop Grumman</ref><ref name=4VendorHypersonicCMs >Paul McLeary [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/12/mda-kickstarts-new-way-to-kill-hypersonic-missiles/ (18 December 2019) MDA Kickstarts New Way To Kill Hypersonic Missiles] MDA's Hypersonic Defense Weapon System - 4 Interceptors</ref>—and cyber<ref name=cs23 >Kathryn Bailey, PEO C3T Public Affairs [https://www.army.mil/article/230394/the_army_gathers_industry_to_inspire_network_modernization (26 November 2019) The Army gathers industry to inspire network modernization] Network Cross-Functional Team (N-CFT) and PEO C3T hosted 670 industry partners at the Technical Exchange Meeting (TEM) 4, Capability Set (CS) 23. www.army.mil</ref><ref name="globalCounter" >Mezher, Chyrine {{Cite web|date=2019-05-15|title=How To Wage Global Cyber War: Nakasone, Norton, & Deasy|url=https://breakingdefense.sites.breakingmedia.com/2019/05/how-to-wage-global-cyber-war-nakasone-norton-deasy/|access-date=2021-12-15|website=Breaking Defense|language=en-US}}</ref> domains.<ref name=mdoI2cews >Theresa Hitchens and Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/army-seeks-small-satellites-to-support-ground-troops/ (7 August 2019) Army Seeks Small Satellites To Support Ground Troops] 3 programs: Gunsmoke, Lonestar and Polaris.

*Theresa Hitchens [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/10/smdc-pushes-for-new-pnt-tracking-sat-payloads/ (12 October 2020) SMDC Pushes For New PNT, Tracking Sat Payloads] In addition to the 3 LEO satellite programs mentioned above, SMDC's technical center is working on project TITAN (Tactical Intelligence Targeting Access Node), a "common, mobile ground station" for the Army's tactical needs.</ref><ref name="jointCollaboration2019">{{Cite web|title=Army aligning modernization programs with other services|url=https://www.army.mil/article/217305/army_aligning_modernization_programs_with_other_services|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212092732/https://www.army.mil/article/217305/army_aligning_modernization_programs_with_other_services|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 12, 2019|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref><ref name=globalCounter/> A hypersonic-based battery similar to a THAAD battery is under consideration for this type of battalion,<ref name=afatds >Sean Kimmons, Army News Service {{Cite web|title=Joint hypersonic weapon tests to start next year|url=https://www.army.mil/article/222617/joint_hypersonic_weapon_tests_to_start_next_year|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref><ref name=chgbTest20Mar20 >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2020/03/hypersonics-army-navy-test-common-glide-body/ (20 Mar 2020) Hypersonics: Army, Navy Test Common Glide Body ] "The U.S. Navy and U.S. Army jointly executed the launch of a common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB), which flew at hypersonic speed to a designated impact point"

*[https://www.army.mil/article/233873/department_of_defense_tests_hypersonic_glide_body DoD (20 March 2020) Department of Defense tests hypersonic glide body] "The C-HGB – when fully fielded – will comprise the weapon's conventional warhead, guidance system, cabling, and thermal protection shield." Also: comments from LTG L. Neill Thurgood RCCTO</ref> possibly denoted a ''strategic fires'' battalion<ref name= slrc2023>Jen Judson [https://www.defensenews.com/digital-show-dailies/ausa/2019/10/16/strategic-long-range-cannon-preps-to-jump-its-first-tech-hurdle/ (14 Oct 2019) Strategic, long-range cannon preps to jump its first tech hurdle] 2019 AUSA— targets 2023 prototype</ref><ref name="strategicFiresBN">{{Cite web|last=Judson|first=Jen|date=2019-06-05|title=Coming soon to the US Army: Combat-capable hypersonic and laser weapons|url=https://www.c4isrnet.com/land/2019/06/05/coming-soon-to-the-us-army-combat-capable-hypersonic-and-laser-weapons/|access-date=2021-12-15|website=C4ISRNet|language=en}}</ref><ref name="MMhelLRhw7Jun19">{{Cite web|title=Army accelerates delivery of directed energy, hypersonic weapon prototypes|url=https://www.army.mil/article/222891/army_accelerates_delivery_of_directed_energy_hypersonic_weapon_prototypes|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref> (however I2CEWS support would likely be needed),{{efn|name= i2cews}} depending on the theater. In 2019, these capabilities were analyzed as part of a series of globally integrated exercises.<ref name=tp525,3,1>[https://archive.today/20190917022407/https://www.tradoc.army.mil/Portals/14/Documents/MDO/TP525-3-1_30Nov2018.pdf TRADOC Pamphlet 525-3-1 (6 December 2018) The U.S. Army in Multi-Domain Operations 2028] "describes how US Army forces, as part of the Joint Force, will militarily compete, penetrate, dis-integrate, and exploit our adversaries in the future." [https://adminpubs.tradoc.army.mil/pamphlets/TP525-3-1.pdf Link moved here]</ref><ref name=mdb,usaf,usa,2019 >Claire Heininger [https://www.army.mil/article/209672/army_air_force_team_on_sensor_to_shooter_prototype_for_multi_domain_battle (9 August 2018) Army, Air Force team on sensor to shooter prototype for multi-___domain battle]</ref><ref name=mdc2,usaf >Mark Pomerleau [https://www.c4isrnet.com/c2-comms/2018/04/11/in-the-move-to-multi-___domain-operations-what-gets-lost/ (11 April 2018) In the move to multi-___domain operations, what gets lost? ] The space, cyber, and information domains transcend geographic AoRs</ref> Using massive simulation<ref name=mdo400people/><ref name=reportCard >Dan Gouré [https://www.realcleardefense.com/articles/2019/08/02/army_futures_commands_report_card_after_its_first_year_114632.html (2 August 2019) Army Futures Command's Report Card After Its First Year] Need: MDO doctrine in DoD, Two theater operation at island & continent, augment BCTs with higher echelon capability</ref> the need for a [[#JointAllDomainC2|§new kind of command and control]] (now denoted ''JADC2'') to integrate this firepower was explored.<ref name=smdMdo/><ref name=dyneticsChgbLockheedLrhw>Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/08/hypersonics-army-awards-699m-to-build-first-missiles-for-a-combat-unit/ (30 August 2019) Hypersonics: Army Awards $699M To Build First Missiles For A Combat Unit] prototypes—Dynetics: Common hypersonic glide body (C-HGB); Lockheed: Long range hypersonic weapon (LRHW)

*Nancy Jones-Bonbrest, U.S. Army RCCTO [https://www.army.mil/article/226368/army_awards_hypersonic_weapon_system_contracts (30 August 2019) Army awards hypersonic weapon system contracts]</ref>

**The ability to punch through any standoff defense of a near-peer competitor is the goal which Futures Command is seeking.<ref name=standoff>Kerensa Crum [https://www.theredstonerocket.com/military_scene/article_dadc42e4-bea4-11e9-94c0-773e72931076.html CCDC Aviation & Missile Center Public Affairs (14 August 2019) Leader updates Army's modernization priorities ] Standoff</ref><ref name=summaryOfStandoff2018>Yasmin Tadjdeh [https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2018/10/10/army-to-focus-on-defeating-enemies-standoff-capabilities (10/10/2018) Army to Focus on Defeating Enemies’ Standoff Capabilities] Summary of standoff</ref><ref name="RCVsBy2023">Army.mil {{Cite web|title=Robotic combat vehicles could change way Army looks, fights|url=https://www.army.mil/article/223657/robotic_combat_vehicles_could_change_way_army_looks_fights|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref><ref name="ftRuckerCG">{{Cite web|title=Aviation Industry Days: Army Aviation aims for more lethal Multi-Domain Operations capability|url=https://www.army.mil/article/225269/aviation_industry_days_army_aviation_aims_for_more_lethal_multi_domain_operations_capability|access-date=2021-12-25|website=www.army.mil|language=en}}</ref> For example, the combination of F-35-based targeting coordinates, Long range precision fires, and Low-earth-orbit satellite<ref name=heySDA >Theresa Hitchens [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/12/hey-sda-afrl-boosts-space-based-internet-tests/ (2 December 2019) Hey SDA, AFRL Boosts Space-Based Internet Tests]</ref> capability overmatches the competition, according to Lt. Gen. [[Eric J. Wesley|Wesley]].<ref name=wesleyAusa2019 >Joseph Lacdan, Army News Service [https://www.army.mil/article/228757/afc_deputy_combined_capabilities_make_military_might_more_lethal (21 October 2019) AFC deputy: Combined capabilities make military might more lethal]</ref><ref group= Note name= leoLRPFKillChain >Sydney J. Freedberg Jr. [https://breakingdefense.com/2019/11/secarmys-multi-___domain-kill-chain-space-to-cloud-to-ai/ (November 22, 2019) SecArmy's Multi-Domain Kill Chain: Space-Cloud-AI ] Army Multi-Domain Operations Concept, December 2018 slide from [https://adminpubs.tradoc.army.mil/pamphlets/TP525-3-1.pdf TRADOC pamphlet 525-3-1 (Dec 2018)].