Content deleted Content added
mNo edit summary |
Citation bot (talk | contribs) Added hdl. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Languages of Indonesia | #UCB_Category 205/340 |
||
Line 41:
==Classification==
Ternate is a member of the [[North Halmahera languages|North Halmahera language family]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web | last = Lewis | first = M. Paul | title = Ternate - A language of Indonesia (Maluku) | work = Ethnologue: Languages of the World| publisher = SIL International | year = 2009 | url = https://www.ethnologue.com/16/show_language/tft|edition=16th}}</ref> which is classified by some as part of a larger [[West Papuan languages|West Papuan family]], a proposed linking of the North Halmahera languages with the Papuan languages of the [[Bird's Head Peninsula]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |author-link=David Gil (linguist) |first = David |last = Gil |chapter = The Mekong-Mamberamo linguistic area |___location = Berlin/Boston | doi = 10.1515/9781501501685-008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_BeCAAAQBAJ |editor-last=Enfield |editor-first=Nick |editor-last2=Comrie |editor-first2=Bernard |editor-link2 = Bernard Comrie |title=Languages of Mainland Southeast Asia: The State of the Art |date=2015 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=9781501501685 |pages=266–355 }} ; see p. 269.</ref> It is most closely related to the [[Tidore language]], which is native to the southern neighboring island. The distinction between Ternate and Tidore appears more rooted in sociopolitical rather than linguistic differences.<ref name=:1>{{citation|contribution=Emic and Etic Classifications of Languages in the North Maluku Region|first=John|last=Bowden|author-link=John Bowden (linguist)|title=Workshop on the Languages of Papua 3, 20–24 January 2014, Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia|contribution-url=https://indoling.com/wlp/3/abstracts/Bowden.pdf|access-date=2024-07-10}}</ref><ref name=jb/> While many authors have described these varieties as separate languages,<ref name="jb">{{Cite journal |last=Bowden |first=John |author-link=John Bowden (linguist) |date=2005 |title=Language Contact and Metatypic Restructuring in the Directional System of North Maluku Malay |url=http://www.concentric-linguistics.url.tw/upload/articlesfs141402110859119523.pdf |journal=Concentric: Studies in Linguistics |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=133–158 |doi=10.6241/concentric.ling.200512_31(2).0006}} ; see p. 139.</ref> some classifications identify them as dialects of a single language, collectively termed as either "Ternate" or "Ternate-Tidore".<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://118.98.223.79/petabahasa/infobahasa2.php?idb=482&idp=Maluku%20Utara | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180618025639/http://118.98.223.79/petabahasa/infobahasa2.php?idb=482&idp=Maluku%20Utara | archive-date = 2018-06-18 | title = Ternate | work = Peta Bahasa | publisher = Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa | language = id}}</ref>{{sfnp|Hayami-Allen|2001|p=1}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2VCDwAAQBAJ |title=The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide |editor-last=Palmer |editor-first=Bill |date=2018 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=9783110295252 |author-link=Gary Holton (linguist) |author-link2 = Marian Klamer |first1=Gary |last1 = Holton |first2 = Marian |last2 = Klamer |chapter = The Papuan languages of East Nusantara and the Bird‘s Head |___location = Berlin/Boston |doi = 10.1515/9783110295252-005 |pages=569–640 |hdl=1887/3463908 }} ; see p. 577.</ref>
==Phonology==
| |||