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Shell began production in [[Shell Nigeria|Nigeria]] in 1958.<ref>{{cite web|title=Post-war expansion|url=http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_history/post_war_expansion/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101203143853/http://www.shell.com/home/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_history/post_war_expansion/|archive-date=3 December 2010|access-date=9 December 2010|publisher=Shell}}</ref> In [[Nigeria]], Shell told US diplomats that it had placed staff in all the main ministries of the [[Federal government of Nigeria|government]].<ref name="grip">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/08/wikileaks-cables-shell-nigeria-spying |title=WikiLeaks cables: Shell's grip on Nigerian state revealed |first=David |last=Smith |newspaper=The Guardian |date=8 December 2010 |access-date=9 December 2010 |___location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911070039/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/dec/08/wikileaks-cables-shell-nigeria-spying |archive-date=11 September 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Shell continues however upstream activities/extracting crude oil in the oil-rich [[Niger Delta]] as well as downstream/commercial activities in South Africa. In June 2013, the company announced a strategic review of its operations in Nigeria, hinting that assets could be divested.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Ltd sets out its future intent for Nigeria|url=https://www.euro-petrole.com/shell-petroleum-development-company-of-nigeria-ltd-sets-out-its-future-intent-for-nigeria-n-i-7880|access-date=24 September 2021|website=www.euro-petrole.com|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924163135/https://www.euro-petrole.com/shell-petroleum-development-company-of-nigeria-ltd-sets-out-its-future-intent-for-nigeria-n-i-7880|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=10 October 2013|title=Shell Nigeria selling 4 delta oil blocks – sources|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUKL6N0I02KM20131010|access-date=24 September 2021|archive-date=24 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924161626/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUKL6N0I02KM20131010|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2014, the company disclosed it was in the process of finalizing the sale of its interests in four [[Petroleum industry in Nigeria|Nigerian oil fields]].<ref name="ShellNigeria">{{cite news|title=Stakes in four Nigerian oil fields being sold by Shell|url=http://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/225153307|date=27 August 2014|access-date=28 August 2014|publisher=Nigeria Sun|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831130922/http://www.nigeriasun.com/index.php/sid/225153307|archive-date=31 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 January 2021 a Dutch court ruled that Shell was responsible for multiple oil leaks in Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Meijer|first=Bart H.|date=29 January 2021|title=Environmentalists, farmers win Dutch court case over Shell Nigeria spills|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shell-nigeria-court-idUSKBN29Y1D2|access-date=2 April 2021|archive-date=8 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408020027/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shell-nigeria-court-idUSKBN29Y1D2|url-status=live}}</ref>
The actions of companies like Shell has led to extreme [[environmental issues in the Niger Delta]]. Many pipelines in the Niger Delta owned by Shell are old and corroded. Shell has acknowledged its responsibility for keeping the pipelines new but has also denied responsibility for environmental causes.<ref>Shell International Petroleum Company, Developments in Nigeria (London: March 1995)</ref> The heavy contamination of the air, ground and water with toxic pollutants by the oil industry in the Niger Delta is often used as an example of [[ecocide]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2021 |title='Ecocide' movement pushes for a new international crime: Environmental destruction |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/ecocide-movement-pushes-new-international-crime-environmental-destruction-n1263142 |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fighting ecocide in Nigeria |url=https://theecologist.org/2014/feb/05/fighting-ecocide-nigeria |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=theecologist.org |date=5 February 2014 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UNPO: Ogoni: An Ecocide in the Making? |url=https://unpo.org/article/19131 |access-date=6 July 2023 |website=unpo.org|date=2 November 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2011 |title=How an ecocide law could prevent another Nigerian oil disaster |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/aug/22/ecocide-law-nigerian-oil-disaster |access-date=6 July 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> This has led to mass protests from the [[Niger Delta]] inhabitants, [[Amnesty International]], and [[Friends of the Earth]] the Netherlands against Shell. It has also led to action plans to boycott Shell by [[Environmental group|environmental]] and [[human rights group]]s.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Niger Delta: Shell's manifestly false claims about oil pollution exposed, again |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/11/shell-false-claims-about-oil-pollution-exposed/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107212639/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2015/11/shell-false-claims-about-oil-pollution-exposed/ |archive-date=7 January 2016 |access-date=26 March 2015 |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> In January 2013, a Dutch court rejected four out of five allegations brought against the firm over oil pollution in the Niger Delta but found a subsidiary guilty of one case of pollution, ordering compensation to be paid to a Nigerian farmer.<ref>{{Citation |title=Shell Nigeria case: Court acquits firm on most charges |date=30 January 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21258653 |work=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119113643/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21258653 |___location=United Kingdom |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=19 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
===Nordic countries===
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===Russia===
In February 2022, Shell exited all its joint ventures with [[Gazprom]] because of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Shell выходит из совместных предприятий с Газпромом |url=https://www.interfax.ru/business/825293 |publisher=[[Интерфакс]] |language=ru |access-date=1 March 2022 |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301082247/https://www.interfax.ru/business/825293 |url-status=live }}</ref> and, in March 2022, Shell announced that it would stop buying oil from Russia and close all its service stations there.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Shell sorry and pledges to stop buying Russian oil |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-60661611 |access-date=8 March 2022 |website=BBC News |archive-date=8 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308110449/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-60661611 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2022, it emerged that Shell was to book up to $5 billion in impairment charges from exiting its interests in Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Godsen |first=Emily |title=Shell writes down up to $5bn from Russia exit |date=7 April 2022 |url=https://www.thetimes.com/business-money/article/shell-writes-down-up-to-5bn-from-russia-exit-mqcmtmtgk |via=www.thetimes.co.uk |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407152210/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/shell-writes-down-up-to-5bn-from-russia-exit-mqcmtmtgk |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Singapore===
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On 5 April 2019, [[Milieudefensie]] ([[Dutch language|Dutch]] for "environmental defense"), together with six NGOs and more than 17,000 citizens, sued Shell, accusing the company of harming the climate despite knowing about global warming since 1986.<ref>{{cite web |title=Milieudefensie et al. v. Royal Dutch Shell plc. |url=http://climatecasechart.com/non-us-case/milieudefensie-et-al-v-royal-dutch-shell-plc/ |website=Climate Change Litigation |access-date=10 January 2020 |archive-date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110225537/http://climatecasechart.com/non-us-case/milieudefensie-et-al-v-royal-dutch-shell-plc/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Jelmer Mommers |author2=Damian Carrington |title=If Shell knew climate change was dire 25 years ago, why still business as usual today? |url=https://thecorrespondent.com/6286/if-shell-knew-climate-change-was-dire-25-years-ago-why-still-business-as-usual-today/692773774-4d15b476 |website=The Correspondent |access-date=10 January 2020 |ref=TheCorrespondent |date=28 February 2017 |archive-date=26 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170426061357/https://thecorrespondent.com/6286/if-shell-knew-climate-change-was-dire-25-years-ago-why-still-business-as-usual-today/692773774-4d15b476 |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2021, the district court of [[The Hague]] ruled that Shell must reduce [[Greenhouse gas emissions|carbon dioxide emissions]] by 45% by 2030 (compared to 2019 levels).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nos.nl/l/2382398|title=Milieudefensie wint rechtszaak tegen Shell: CO2-uitstoot moet sneller dalen|website=nos.nl|date=26 May 2021|access-date=4 December 2021|archive-date=17 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317111212/https://nos.nl/artikel/2382398-milieudefensie-wint-rechtszaak-tegen-shell-co2-uitstoot-moet-sneller-dalen|url-status=live}}</ref>
Shell contested the 2021 ruling, contendeding that the ruling exceeded judicial authority and could lead to counterproductive outcomes. The outcome was anticipated to significantly impact Shell's operations and influence European energy companies' climate policies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shell appeal against landmark climate ruling kicks off in Dutch court |date= 1 April 2024 |url=https://www.ft.com/content/ac1623a4-d87a-4ad5-9328-59c09f381a8f |website=Financial Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426093614/https://www.ft.com/content/ac1623a4-d87a-4ad5-9328-59c09f381a8f |archive-date=26 April 2024 |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref> On 12 November 2024, The Hague's appeals court dismissed the 2021 ruling that had required Shell to cut its absolute carbon emissions by 45% by 2030, relative to 2019 levels, including emissions resulting from the use of its products.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Shell wins landmark climate case against green groups in Dutch appeal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx240l9xq2yo |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=www.bbc.com |date=12 November 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
=== Oil spills ===
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