The '''Duluth model''' is a pseudoscientific<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Corvo |first1=Kenneth |title=The Gift of the Magi: Can Attachment, Altruism, and Hope be Mobilized in Treating Domestic Violence? |journal=Partner Abuse |date=2011 |volume=2 |doi=10.1891/1946-6560.2.1.76}}</ref> protocol for [[intimate partner violence]] (IPV).<ref name="Herman 2023">{{Cite book |last=Herman |first=Judith Lewis |title=Truth and repair: how trauma survivors envision justice |date=2023 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-1-5293-9500-6 |___location=London}}</ref> The model is biased because it neglects women's violence, violence within same-sex relationships, bidirectional abuse, and was not created through academic study. <ref name="Myth: Duluth model">{{Cite web| title= Myth: Duluth model| url=https://equi-law.uk/duluth-model/ |date=31 December 2023 |language=en-UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bates |first1=Elizabeth |title=Current Controversies within Intimate Partner Violence: Overlooking Bidirectional Violence |journal=Journal of Family Violence |date=2016 |volume=31 |issue=8 |pages=937–940|doi=10.1007/s10896-016-9862-7 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rizza |first1=Johnna |title=Beyond Duluth: A Broad Spectrum of Treatmentfor a Broad Spectrum Domestic Violence |journal=Montana Law Review |volume=70 |issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FAQs about the Wheels |url=https://www.theduluthmodel.org/wheels/faqs-about-the-wheels/ |access-date=October 8, 2024 |website=The Duluth Model|date=15 March 2017 }}</ref>
Academics prove it is an extreme, negative, and polarized model.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Donald |first1=Dutton |title=The Duluth model: A data-impervious paradigm and a failed strategy |journal=Aggression and Violent Behavior |date=2007 |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=658–667 |doi=10.1016/j.avb.2007.03.002}}</ref>
Line 14:
Part of this model is the men's [[behavior change (public health)|behavior change]] program ''Creating a Process of Change for Men who Batter'': ''The'' ''Duluth Curriculum''. The curriculum is the most common batterer [[public health intervention|intervention program]] used in the [[United States]].<ref name="BennettHess2006">{{cite book|author1=Wayne Bennett|author2=Kären Hess|title=Criminal Investigation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1sho7Bfh50wC&pg=PA281|year=2006|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=0-495-09340-8|page=281|edition=8th}}</ref> Advocates of the Duluth model claim it is successful because it is grounded in the experience of female victims, helps offenders and society change, and pulls the whole community together to respond.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why the Duluth Model Works |url=https://www.theduluthmodel.org/what-is-the-duluth-model/duluth-model-works/ |access-date=2023-05-22 |website=Domestic Abuse Intervention Programs |date=15 March 2017 |language=en-US}}</ref>
The Duluth Model Coordinated Community Response has received multiple awards for its grassroots efforts to end intimate partner violence,<ref>{{Cite web |title=History and Recognition |url=https://www.theduluthmodel.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/DAIP-History-and-Recognition-2017.pdf}}</ref> including the [[World Future Council]]'s Future Policy Award in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Future Council |date=14 October 2014 |url=https://www.worldfuturecouncil.org/future-policy-award-2014/}}</ref> It has been criticized by mental health professionals who focus on individual behaviour and reject a social model of battering. Edward Gondolf critiques the narrow forms of evidence used to evaluate interventions, arguing that the biomedical research model is inappropriate for evaluating the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gondolf |first=E |title=The future of batterer programs: reassessing evidence based practice |publisher=North Eastern University Press |year=2012 |___location=Boston, MA}}</ref>
