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A '''mobile network operator''' ('''MNO'''), also known as a '''mobile network provider''', '''mobile network carrier''', '''mobile ''', '''wireless service provider''', '''wireless carrier''', '''wireless operator''', '''wireless telco''', or '''cellular company''',{{Efn|Often shortened to simply ''carrier'' (especially in American English), ''operator'', ''provider'', "telco", or ''network''.}} is a [[telecommunications]] provider of services that sells, delivers and maintains [[mobile telephony]] services to an end user.
▲</code>== Overview ==
A key defining characteristic of a mobile network operator is that it must own or control access to a [[frequency allocation|radio spectrum license]] from a regulatory or government entity, and also that it must own or control the elements of the [[cellular network]] infrastructure necessary to provide services to subscribers over the licensed [[radio spectrum]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Ivo Vegter |date=4 July 2018 |title=Why a wireless open-access network won't work |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-07-04-why-a-wireless-open-access-network-wont-work/#.Wz_ildhKjBI |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410053343/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2018-07-04-why-a-wireless-open-access-network-wont-work/#.Wz_ildhKjBI |archive-date=2022-04-10 |publisher=Daily Maverick}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=lizs |date=2024-03-04 |title=MNO or MVNO: Which is the Right Choice for Your IoT Project? |url=https://www.eseye.com/resources/iot-explained/mno-or-mvno-for-iot/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Eseye |language=en-US}}</ref> In addition the operator would also contain other elements like the [[Backhaul (telecommunications)|back haul]] infrastructure and [[provisioning (telecommunications)|provisioning]] computer systems.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Mazalov |first1=Vladimir |last2=Lukyanenko |first2=Andrey |last3=Gurtov |first3=Andrei |date=30 October 2019 |title=Location–Price Competition in Mobile Operator Market |url=https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1416464/FULLTEXT01 |journal=International Game Theory Review |volume=21 |issue=3 |page=2 |doi=10.1142/S0219198918500159 |s2cid=158860971 |access-date=4 August 2020}}</ref>
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