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→Limited-access road: Not exactly the same as a dual carriageway |
→Controlled-access highway: Note that the term expressway sometimes includes limited-access roads |
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At the top of the mobility-access continuum in terms of traffic flow and speed are [[controlled-access highway]]s; their defining characteristic is the ''control of access'' to and from the road, meaning that the road cannot be directly accessed from properties or other roads, but only from specific connector roads. This indirection, in conjunction with high speed limits and multiple lanes, allows these roads to support fast traffic flow with high volume, in both urban and rural areas. They are at the bottom of the mobility-access continuum in terms of access to property, allowing access to almost nothing besides other roads and [[rest areas]].
They are also known as ''freeways'' in the U.S., South Africa, and parts of Australia; as ''motorways'' in the U.K., New Zealand, and parts of Australia; and as ''expressways'' in numerous countries (though this term sometimes includes [[limited-access road]]s depending on the region).
Controlled-access highways do not have traffic signals nor at-grade crossings with other roads (intersections), railways, or pedestrian paths. When a road's path would intersect a controlled-access highway, the two roads will be vertically separated by an [[overpass]] (American English) or flyover (British English) or by a [[tunnel]], preventing the need for an intersection. Pedestrian [[footbridge]]s and tunnels are also grade-separated. The opposing directions of travel are separated by a [[median strip]] (American English) or central reservation (British English) generally a few meters to a few dozen meters wide, which may consist of a traffic barrier or a natural barrier like grass. This separation makes controlled-access highways a subset of divided highways (American English) or [[dual carriageway]]s (British English). Generally, these roads prohibit pedestrians and vehicles not powered by a motor (e.g., [[bicycles]]). Parking is also generally prohibited.
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