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'''Open source''' is [[source code]] that is made freely available for possible modification and redistribution. Products include permission to use and view the source code,<ref name="Open Source Org., 2007">{{cite web |url=https://opensource.org/docs/osd |title=The Open Source Definition |access-date=2020-01-22 |date=7 July 2006 |website=Open Source Org. |quote=Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611152544/https://opensource.org/docs/osd |archive-date=2007-06-11 }}</ref> design documents,<ref name="Diffingo Solutions Inc., 2008">{{Cite web |title=What is Open Source Software |url=https://diffingo.com/oss/whyoss |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=Diffingo Solutions Inc. |quote=Open source software <!-- differers --> differs from other software because it has a less restrictive license agreement: Instead of using a restrictive license that prevents you from modifying the program or sharing it with friends for example, sharing and modifying open source software is encouraged. Anyone who wishes to do so may distribute, modify or even create derivative works based on that source code! |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028104313/http://www.diffingo.com/oss/whyoss |archive-date=2008-10-28 }}</ref> or content of the product. The '''open source model''' is a decentralized software development model that encourages open collaboration.<ref name="LevinePrietula2013">{{cite journal | last1 = Levine | first1 = Sheen S. | last2 = Prietula | first2 = M. J. | year = 2013 | title = Open Collaboration for Innovation: Principles and Performance | journal = Organization Science | volume = 25| issue = 5| pages = 1414–1433 | issn = 1047-7039 | doi = 10.1287/orsc.2013.0872 | arxiv = 1406.7541 | ssrn = 1096442 | s2cid = 6583883 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/cathedralbaz00raym|url-access=registration|title=The cathedral and the bazaar: musings on Linux and Open Source by an accidental revolutionary|last=Raymond|first=Eric S.|publisher=OReilly|year=2001|isbn=978-0-596-00108-7|author-link=Eric S. Raymond}}{{page needed|date=November 2012}}</ref>
A main principle of [[Open-source software|open source software]] development is peer production, with products such as [[source code]], blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public. The open source movement in software began as a response to the limitations of proprietary code. The model is used for projects such as in open source appropriate technology,<ref name="Pearce2012">{{cite journal |title=The Case for Open Source Appropriate Technology |journal=Environment, Development and Sustainability |volume=14 |issue= 3|pages=425–431 |year=2012 | issn = 1387-585X |doi=10.1007/s10668-012-9337-9 |last1=Pearce |first1=Joshua M |doi-access=free |bibcode=2012EDSus..14..425P |url=https://www.academia.edu/1517361 }}</ref> and open source drug discovery.<ref name="business-standard.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/sreelatha-menon-researchers-sans-borders/00/19/350429/ |title="Science 2.0 is here as CSIR resorts to open source drug research for TB"|first=Sreelatha|last=Menon|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=1 March 2009|via=Business Standard}}</ref><ref name="OpenWetWare" />
Open source promotes universal access via an open-source or free license to a product's design or blueprint, and universal redistribution of that design or blueprint.<ref name="LakhaniVonHippel2003">{{cite journal|last1=Lakhani|first1=K.R.|last2=von Hippel|first2=E.|date=June 2003|title=How Open Source Software Works: Free User to User Assistance|journal=Research Policy|volume=32|issue=6|pages=923–943 | issn = 0048-7333 |doi=10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00095-1|hdl=1721.1/70028|ssrn=290305|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="GerberMolefo2010">{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the SAICSIT 2010 Conference — Fountains of Computing Research|last1=Gerbe| first1 = Aurona |last2=Molefo | first2 = Onkgopotse |last3=Van der Merwe | first3 = Alta |publisher=ACM Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60558-950-3 |editor-last=Kotze|editor-first=P.|pages=75–85|chapter=Documenting open-source migration processes for re-use|doi=10.1145/1899503.1899512|display-editors=3|editor2-first=A.|editor2-last=Gerber|editor3-first = A. |editor3-last=van der Merwe|editor4-first=N.|editor4-last=Bidwell|citeseerx=10.1.1.1033.7791|s2cid=11970697}}</ref> Before the phrase ''open source'' became widely adopted, developers and producers used a variety of other terms, such as ''free software'', ''shareware'', and ''public ___domain software''. ''Open source'' gained hold with the rise of the [[Internet]].<ref>{{harvnb|Weber|2004}}{{page needed|date=February 2014}}</ref> The open-source software movement arose to clarify copyright, licensing, ___domain, and consumer issues.
Generally, open source refers to a [[computer program]] in which the source code is available to the general public for usage, modification from its original design, and publication of their version (fork) back to the community. Many large formal institutions have sprung up to support the development of the open-source movement, including the Apache Software Foundation, which supports community projects such as the open-source framework and the open-source [[HTTP]] server Apache HTTP.
==History==
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