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==Spatial index==
A '''spatial index''' is used by a spatial database to optimize [[spatial query|spatial queries]], implementing spatial access methods. Database systems use indices to quickly look up values by sorting data values in a linear (e.g. alphabetical) order; however, this way of indexing data is not optimal for [[spatial query|spatial queries]] in two- or three-dimensional space. Instead, spatial databases use a ''spatial'' index designed specifically for multi-dimensional ordering.<ref name="GISTBOK_indexing">{{cite web |last1=Zhang |first1=X. |last2=Du |first2=Z. |title=DM-66 Spatial Indexing |url=http://gistbok.ucgis.org/bok-topics/spatial-indexing |website=GIS&T Body of Knowledge |publisher=UCGIS |access-date=5 January 2023}}</ref> Common spatial index methods include:
* [[Binary space partitioning]] (BSP-Tree): Subdividing space by hyperplanes.
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