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Hash functions are related to (and often confused with) [[checksums]], [[check digit]]s, [[Fingerprint (computing)|fingerprints]], [[lossy compression]], [[randomization function]]s, [[Error correction code|error-correcting codes]], and [[cipher]]s. Although the concepts overlap to some extent, each one has its own uses and requirements and is designed and optimized differently. The hash function differs from these concepts mainly in terms of [[data integrity]]. Hash tables may use [[non-cryptographic hash function]]s, while [[cryptographic hash function]]s are used in cybersecurity to secure sensitive data such as passwords.
== Overview.... ==
In a hash table, a hash function takes a key as an input, which is associated with a datum or record and used to identify it to the data storage and retrieval application. The keys may be fixed-length, like an integer, or variable-length, like a name. In some cases, the key is the datum itself. The output is a hash code used to index a hash table holding the data or records, or pointers to them.
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