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[[Robert Moon (postal inspector)|Robert Moon]] is considered the father of the ZIP Code; he submitted his proposal in 1944 while working as a [[United States Postal Inspection Service|postal inspector]].<ref>Bullamore, Tim (2001). Robert Moon Obituary. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/robert-moon-729034.html {{dead link|date=December 2019}}.</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/14/us/robert-moon-an-inventor-of-the-zip-code-dies-at-83.html | title = Robert Moon, an Inventor of the ZIP Code, Dies at 83 | first = Douglas | last = Martin | date = 2001-04-14 | newspaper = [[New York Times]] | access-date = 2017-09-23 | archive-date = February 17, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200217102920/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/14/us/robert-moon-an-inventor-of-the-zip-code-dies-at-83.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
The phrase "zone improvement plan" is credited to [[D. Jamison Cain]], a Postal Service executive.<ref name="cain">{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-resident-pushed-the-envelope-when-zip-code-was-born-in-1963/2018/09/29/38376e7a-c28c-11e8-97a5-ab1e46bb3bc7_story.html |title=Virginia resident pushed the envelope when Zip code was born in 1963 |date=2018-09-29 |last=Kelly |first=John |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=2022-08-13 |archive-date=October 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010205600/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-resident-pushed-the-envelope-when-zip-code-was-born-in-1963/2018/09/29/38376e7a-c28c-11e8-97a5-ab1e46bb3bc7_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The post office credits Moon with only the first three digits of the ZIP Code, which describe the [[sectional center facility]] (SCF) or "sec center". An SCF is a central mail processing facility with those three digits. The fourth and fifth digits, which give a more precise locale within the SCF, were proposed by Henry Bentley Hahn Sr.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archiveblog.jfklibrary.org/2015/05/papers-of-h-bentley-hahn-the-man-who-invented-the-zip-code/|title=Papers of H. Bentley Hahn: The Man Who Invented the 5-Digit ZIP Code
The SCF sorts mail to all post offices with those first three digits in their ZIP Codes. The mail is sorted according to the final two digits of the ZIP Code and sent to the corresponding post offices in the early morning. Sectional centers do not deliver mail and are not open to the public, although the building may include a post office that is open to the public, and most of their employees work the [[shift work|night shift]]. Items of mail picked up at post offices are sent to their SCFs in the afternoon, where the mail is sorted overnight. In the case of large cities, the last two digits as assigned generally coincided with the older postal zone number.<ref name=":0" />
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