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*four [[Agencies of the European Union|agencies]], including the [[European Defence Agency|Defence Agency]] (EDA).
The EU command and control structures are much smaller than the [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization]]'s (NATO) Command Structure (NCS), which has been established for territorial defence.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Helferich |first=John |date=2024 |title=Trapped in the grey zone: NATO-CSDP relations in a new era of European security governance |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41311-024-00647-9 |journal=International Politics |language=en |doi=10.1057/s41311-024-00647-9 |issn=1740-3898}}</ref> It has been agreed that NATO's [[Allied Command Operations]] (ACO) may be used for the conduct of the EU's missions. The MPCC, established in 2017 and to be strengthened in 2020, is the EU's first permanent military OHQ. In parallel, the [[European Defence Fund]] (EDF, established in 2017) marks the first time the [[Budget of the European Union|EU budget]] is used to finance multinational defence projects.
Decisions relating to the CSDP are proposed by the High Representative, adopted by the Foreign Affairs Council, generally requiring unanimity, to be then implemented by the High Representative.
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