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== History ==
=== Internet Chess Server ===
{{main|Internet Chess Server}}
In January 1992, Michael Moore of the [[University of Utah]] and Richard Nash started the first online service facilitating live chess games, the [[Internet Chess Server|American Internet Chess Server]] (commonly known as the Internet Chess Server or ICS). The initial release, accessible via [[telnet]], was hosted at the [[University of Utah]], but over its first two years it moved repeatedly across American universities, with additional servers opening and connecting to each other through Nash's Internet Ratings Server.<ref name="Petroff-2009">{{Cite web |last=Petroff |first=Chris |date=5 March 2009 |title=History of the Internet Chess Server – Part I |url=http://members.cox.net/cpetroff/FICS/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313150500/http://members.cox.net/cpetroff/FICS/ |archive-date=13 March 2010 |access-date=10 May 2010}}</ref><ref name="fics10year"/><ref name="Doggers-2024">{{Cite book |last=Doggers |first=Peter |title=The Chess Revolution: From the Ancient World to the Digital Age |publisher=Puzzlewright |year=2024 |isbn=9781454959243}}</ref> The software was coded, supported, and operated by volunteers. [[Daniel Sleator]], professor of computer science at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], took over operation in July 1992 and improved the code. One of his primary contributions was a mechanism to adjust clock times for the effects of internet lag. He announced plans to commercialize the service, copyrighted the code in 1994, and rebranded it as the [[Internet Chess Club]] (ICC) in 1995, charging membership fees.<ref name="Stone-2006">{{Cite web |url=http://www.edcollins.com/chess/fics-icc.htm |title=Pawns Call King a Rook |first=Brad |last=Stone |access-date=10 May 2010 |date=11 May 2006 |archive-date=28 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928230044/http://edcollins.com/chess/fics-icc.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Chicago Chess Player-1995">{{Cite web |date=November 1995 |title=Trapped in the (Inter) Net |url=https://www.chicagochessleague.org/cicl/bulls/history/Yr1995_96/Nov1995.pdf |website=The Chicago Chess Player |access-date=24 November 2024 |archive-date=10 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050510030854/http://www.chicagochessleague.org/cicl/bulls/history/Yr1995_96/Nov1995.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
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