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→Legal recognition: Expanded US federal and state-level recognition updates; added details on Trump's 2025 executive order limiting gender markers to male/female; clarified current status of non-binary passports (sources included). |
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{{Transgender sidebar|identities}}
'''Non-binary'''{{efn|name="spelling"|Also spelled '''nonbinary'''. The term '''enby''', derived from the abbreviation '''NB''', is also used.<ref name="BergmanBarker">{{cite book |last1=Bergman |first1=S. Bear |last2=Barker |first2=Meg-John |editor1-last=Richards |editor1-first=Christina |editor2-last=Bouman |editor2-first=Walter Pierre |editor3-last=Barker |editor3-first=Meg-John |title=Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders |date=2017 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-1-137-51052-5 |page=43 |chapter=Non-binary Activism |series=Critical and Applied Approaches in Sexuality, Gender and Identity}}</ref>}} or '''genderqueer''' [[Gender identity|gender identities]] are those that are outside the male/female [[gender binary]].<ref name=richardsetal/><ref name=aap>{{cite web |title=Supporting & Caring for Transgender Children |url=https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/solgbt_resource_transgenderchildren.pdf |publisher=[[Human Rights Campaign]] |access-date=April 8, 2021 |archive-date=July 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724123917/https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/solgbt_resource_transgenderchildren.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> Non-binary identities often fall under the [[transgender]] umbrella since non-binary people typically identify with a [[gender]] that is different from the [[Sex assignment|sex assigned to them at birth]],<ref name=aap/> although some non-binary people do not consider themselves transgender.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thetrevorproject.org/trvr_support_center/trans-gender-identity |title=Trans + Gender Identity |website=[[The Trevor Project]] |access-date=October 11, 2019 |archive-date=July 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704175733/https://www.thetrevorproject.org/trvr_support_center/trans-gender-identity |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Ennis2021">{{cite news |last1=Ennis |first1=Dawn |title=New Research Reveals Insights Into America's Nonbinary Youth |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/dawnstaceyennis/2021/07/13/new-research-reveals-insights-into-americas-nonbinary-youth |access-date=January 6, 2022 |work=[[Forbes]] |date=July 13, 2021 |archive-date=January 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106234315/https://www.forbes.com/sites/dawnstaceyennis/2021/07/13/new-research-reveals-insights-into-americas-nonbinary-youth |url-status=live}}</ref>
Non-binary people may identify as an intermediate or separate [[third gender]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/genderqueer.html |title=Genderqueer |last=Beemyn |first=Brett Genny |year=2008 |encyclopedia=glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture |___location=Chicago, Illinois |publisher=glbtq, Inc. |access-date=May 3, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425081046/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/genderqueer.html |archive-date=April 25, 2012}}{{page needed|date=January 2024}}</ref> identify with more than one gender<ref name="Bosson-2018"/><ref name=Whyte/> or no gender, or have a [[Genderfluid|fluctuating gender identity]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Understanding Transgender Diversity: A Sensible Explanation of Sexual and Gender Identities |last=Winter |first=Claire Ruth |year=2010 |publisher=CreateSpace |___location=Scotts Valley, California |isbn=978-1-4563-1490-3 |oclc=703235508}}{{Page needed|date=August 2021}}</ref> Gender identity is separate from [[sexual orientation|sexual]] or [[romantic orientation]];<ref name="glaad_transgender">{{cite web |url=http://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender |title=Transgender Glossary of Terms |work=GLAAD Media Reference Guide |publisher=[[Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation]] |access-date=May 25, 2011 |archive-date=May 30, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530061657/http://www.glaad.org/reference/transgender |url-status=live}}</ref> non-binary people have various sexual orientations.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Susan Stryker |title=Transgender History |last=Stryker |first=Susan |publisher=[[Seal Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-58005-224-5 |___location=[[Berkeley, California]] |oclc=183914566}}{{Page needed|date=August 2021}}</ref>
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In the U.S., 13% of respondents to the 2008 [[National Transgender Discrimination Survey]] chose "a gender not listed here".{{Efn|Q3 asked "What is your primary gender identity today?". Possible answers were male, female, "part time as one gender, part time as another", and "a gender not listed here, please specify".}} The "not listed here" respondents were 9 percentage points more probably to report forgoing healthcare due to fear of discrimination than the general sample (36% compared to 27%). 90 percent reported experiencing anti-trans bias at work, and 43 percent reported having attempted suicide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/release_materials/agendernotlistedhere.pdf |title=A Gender Not Listed Here: Genderqueers, Gender Rebels, and OtherWise in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey |last1=Harrison |first1=Jack |last2=Grant |first2=Jaime |last3=Herman |first3=Jody L. |access-date=April 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725182217/http://www.thetaskforce.org/downloads/release_materials/agendernotlistedhere.pdf |archive-date=July 25, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The reported discrimination non-binary people face includes disregard, disbelief, condescending interactions, and disrespect.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |url=https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/01/they-them-and-theirs |title=They, Them, and Theirs |website=harvardlawreview.org |date=January 10, 2019 |access-date=December 9, 2019 |archive-date=December 5, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191205005233/https://harvardlawreview.org/2019/01/they-them-and-theirs |url-status=live}}</ref> Non-binary people are also often viewed as partaking in a trend and thus deemed insincere or attention-seeking. As an accumulation, erasure is often a significant form of discrimination non-binary people face.<ref name=":6" />
[[Misgendering]], intentional or not, is also a problem that many face. In the case of intentional misgendering, [[transphobia]] is a driving force. Additionally, the use of [[Singular they|they/them pronouns]] is lumped into{{Clarify|date=July 2023}} the larger, controversial, subject of [[safe space]]s and [[political correctness]],<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFJDDwAAQBAJ&q=Cf.+S.+Bear+Bergman+&pg=PR5 |title=Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders |last1=Richards |first1=Christina |last2=Bouman |first2=Walter Pierre |last3=Barker |first3=Meg-John |year=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-51053-2 |access-date=October 19, 2020 |archive-date=March 2, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302223320/https://books.google.com/books?id=qFJDDwAAQBAJ&q=Cf.+S.+Bear+Bergman+&pg=PR5 |url-status=live}}</ref> causing pushback and intentional misgendering by some people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Misgendering |url=https://www.californialawreview.org/print/misgendering |access-date=November 11, 2022 |website=California Law Review |archive-date=December 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222162826/https://californialawreview.org/print/misgendering |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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