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== Construction ==
[[File:Kruiser Hr.Ms. Sumatra (1926-1942) Oplegperiode tijdens WOII in Portsrmouth, UK. Oefeningen 15 cm- geschut (2158 011547).jpg|thumb|Her single-barrel open turrets were already obsolete by the time ''Java'' entered service (image from sister ship ''Sumatra'').]]
Dutch [[Naval architecture|naval architects]] had no experience with a ship such as ''Java'', so design work and construction of various components was done by German firms such as [[Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft|Germaniawerft]] and [[Krupp]]. On 15 November 1915, she was ordered from the [[NV Koninklijke Maatschappij De Schelde|N.V. Koninklijke Maatschappij De Schelde]] shipyard in [[Vlissingen]] and laid down on 31 May 1916.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|pages=|page=8}} The reliance on German expertise soon backfired as [[World War I]] and the [[Treaty of Versailles]] crippled the German arms industry, which lead to supply shortages. In conjunction with a series of [[Strike action|strikes]] and delays in building the ship's engines, construction stalled for years.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|pages=|page=8,9}}<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=van Oosten |first=F. C. |title=Warship Profile 40: Her Netherlands Majesty's Ship De Ruyter |date=1 January 1974 |publisher=Profile Publications |isbn=9780853830627
The significant delays of her construction saw the ship outdated by the time she entered service, primarily regarding her armament. By 1922, the [[Washington Naval Treaty]] created a [[Heavy cruiser#Washington Treaty|new standard of cruiser]] equipped with {{Convert|203|mm|in|abbr=on}} guns, which Japan heavily invested in. In addition, the single-barrel [[Gun shield|open turret]] design used on ''Java'' had already been replaced by enclosed, multi-gun turrets fed by independent [[Magazine (artillery)#Naval magazines|magazines]] in other navies.<ref name=":74" />{{Rp|page=138|pages=}}<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=10}}
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===Dutch East Indies Campaign===
{{Main article|Dutch East Indies Campaign}}
Following the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|bombing of Pearl Harbor]] and [[Bombing of Singapore (1941)|Japanese attacks on British Malaya]], the [[Dutch government-in-exile]] declared war on Japan on 8 December 1941.<ref name=":02" />{{Rp|page=37}} Now in a war zone, ''Java'' continued to escort convoys.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Whitley |first=M. J. (Michael J. ) |url=https://archive.org/details/cruisers-of-wwii-enciclopedia-images/page/192/mode/2up?q=%22De+Ruyter%22+ |title=Cruisers of World War Two : an international encyclopedia |date=1995 |publisher=London : Arms and Armour Press |isbn=978-1-85409-225-0}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=|page=191}} Over the next two months, Japan's rapid advances across Southeast Asia overwhelmed the region's [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] naval forces. In an effort to coordinate resistance, elements of the [[Royal Australian Navy|Australian]], [[Royal Navy|British]], Dutch, and [[United States Navy|American]] navies formed [[American-British-Dutch-Australian Command|ABDACOM]]: an [[ad hoc]] command that brought together each nation's available ships under a (nominally) unified structure. One of ABDACOM's first steps was the formation of an offensive fleet{{En dash}}the Combined Striking Force{{En dash}}composed of a mix of American and Dutch cruisers and destroyers. After initial delay, ''Java'' was reassigned to the Striking Force that was in desperate need of ships. Command of the fleet was under Dutch Admiral [[Karel Doorman]] on his [[flagship]] ''[[HNLMS De Ruyter (1935)|De Ruyter]],'' who was already in charge of the Dutch East Indies Fleet.<ref name=":74" />{{Rp|page=176–177,208-209|pages=}}
''Java''<nowiki/>'s first role in the Combined Striking Force was to intercept the invasion of [[Sumatra]].<ref name=":74" />{{Rp|page=|pages=206-208}} A floatplane from ''De Ruyter'' found the Japanese invasion fleet, and the Allies were likewise detected. Without air support, the fleet was molested by Japanese bombers throughout [[Valentine's Day]]. No ships in the fleet were hit. Nevertheless, Doorman ordered a retreat, concerned about the possibility of further attacks.<ref name=":74" />{{Rp|page=|pages=209-211}}
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==== Battle of the Java Sea ====
{{Main|Battle of the Java Sea}}
On the 26th, the Allies learned the invasion of Java was underway. Doorman intended to use everything at his disposal to repel the assault, and was reinforced by units from the Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - WW2 People's War - Timeline Fact File : Battle of Java Sea |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/timeline/factfiles/nonflash/a1122300.shtml
About 20 minutes into the battle, the Japanese fleet launched a large salvo of [[Type 93 torpedo|Type 93 torpedoes]] and hoped the Allied fleet would not expect such an attack from such an extreme range. The only hit was to the destroyer ''[[HNLMS Kortenaer (1927)|Kortenaer]],'' which promptly sank. The gunnery duel continued[[HMS Exeter (68)|: HMS ''Exeter'']] was struck in her [[Fire room|boiler room]], which cut her speed to {{convert|11|kn|lk=in}}. As ''Exeter'' turned to withdraw and avoid colliding with the ships behind her, ''Java'' and the trailing cruisers followed suit and mistakenly believed an order to do so had been given by ''De Ruyter''. Doorman then desperately had his now-isolated cruiser reform the [[Line of battle|battle line]] and ordered several destroyers to make torpedo attacks as cover.<ref name=":03" />{{Rp|page=84, 86|pages=}}
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==Wreck==
The cruiser sank on her starboard side and lies in {{Convert|67|m|ft|abbr=on}} deep water.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2017 |title=Verification of the Location and Condition of the Dutch Shipwrecks in the Java Sea |url=https://english.cultureelerfgoed.nl/binaries/cultureelerfgoed-en/documenten/publications/2017/01/01/report-of-the-dutch-shipwrecks-in-the-java-sea/Verification_of_the_location_and+_ondition_of_the_Dutch_Shipwrecks_in_the_Java_Sea.pdf |url-status= |access-date=18 April 2025 |website=[[Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed]] ( Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands) |page=27}}</ref> Her wreck was discovered by an amateur diver in 2002. When an expedition in 2017 was only able to find an imprint left in the seabed, it was believed the wreck had been intentionally dismantled. The Dutch government investigated, offended at the mass disturbance of [[War grave|war graves]]. An investigation determined the wreck's disappearance was part of a trend where shallow World War II-era shipwrecks were blown apart and salvaged by groups posing as fishermen.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Holmes |first=Oliver |last2= |first2= |date=2016-11-16 |title=Mystery as wrecks of three Dutch WWII ships vanish from Java seabed |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/16/three-dutch-second-world-war-shipwrecks-vanish-java-sea-indonesia |access-date=2025-04-13 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The vessel believed to be responsible, the Chinese [[Dredging|dredger]] ''Chuan Hong 68,'' was detained by Malaysian authorities in 2024 and accused of dismantling the wrecks for either [[low-background steel]] or [[Scrap|scrap metal]]. It was alleged that the scrapping was done regardless of the wrecks' nationality, with American, Dutch, Japanese, British, and Australian ships affected.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grady |first=John |date=2023-05-25 |title=U.K. Royal Navy
==References==
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== Further reading ==
* {{Cite book |
== External links ==
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