Two-state solution: Difference between revisions

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The first proposal for separate Jewish and Arab states in the territory was made by the British [[Peel Commission]] report in 1937.<ref name="Morris-2009a">{{Citation |last=Morris |first=Benny |title=The History of One-State and Two-State Solutions |date=2009-04-28 |work=One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel/Palestine Conflict |pages=28–160 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1np7rh.7 |access-date=2024-06-28 |publisher=Yale University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctt1np7rh.7 |isbn=978-0-300-15604-1}}</ref> In 1947, the [[United Nations General Assembly]] adopted a [[United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine|partition plan for Palestine]], leading to the [[1948 Palestine war]].<ref>{{Citation |title=The 1947 Partition Plan |date=2022 |work=International Law and the Arab-Israeli Conflict |pages=93–101 |editor-last=Sabel |editor-first=Robbie |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/international-law-and-the-arabisraeli-conflict/1947-partition-plan/BF9BEE2E6380D9CEAD0C710C6AC51C63 |access-date=2023-10-31 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781108762670.006 |isbn=978-1-108-48684-2}}</ref><ref>[https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/DPIQoPPub_280220.pdf ''The Question of Palestine and the UN'', "The Jewish Agency accepted the resolution despite its dissatisfaction over such matters as Jewish emigration from Europe and the territorial limits set on the proposed Jewish State."]</ref> As a result, [[Israel]] was established on the area the UN had proposed for the Jewish state, as well as almost 60% of the area proposed for the Arab state. Israel took control of [[West Jerusalem]], which was meant to be part of an international zone. Jordan took control of [[East Jerusalem]] and what became known as the [[West Bank]], [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|annexing it the following year]]. The territory which became the [[Gaza Strip]] was [[Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt|occupied by Egypt]] but never annexed. Since the 1967 [[Six-Day War]], both the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and Gaza Strip have been militarily occupied by Israel, becoming known as the [[Palestinian territories]].

The [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] has officially accepted the concept of a two-state solution since the 1982 Arab Summit, on the basis of an independent Palestinian state based in the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem.<ref>{{Clarifycite book |reasonfirst=ThisMark isA. very|last=Tessler vague.|title=A WhoHistory isof “leadership”?the WhenIsraeli–Palestinian didConflict they|publisher=[[Indiana acceptState (“sinceUniversity]] 1982”,|___location=Bloomington but|date=1994 when|isbn=978-0253208736 is|page=720 that|quote=Inhabitants exactly?)?of Whichthe “concept”occupied didterritories theyand acceptother (consideringPalestinians thathad anyshown concreteserious planinterest isin stilla nontwo-existent)?state Whatsolution meanssince the additionmid-1970s, “inand principle”:the didmainstream theyof accept,the orPLO not?had Thesince suggestionthe that1982 PLOArab acceptedsummit anyin tss(-principle)Fez isbeen improbable,officially consideringcommitted thatto ourmutual articlerecognition onbetween Israel and a Palestinian state located in the PLOWest doesBank notand mentionGaza, theirwith acceptanceEast ofJerusalem anyas (real)its capital. Support for a two-state solution had also informed PLO diplomacy in the mid-idea1980s, (orwhen ‘principle’).Yasir WeArafat don’tworked wantwith WikipediaKing Hussein in an effort to tellpersuade itsthe readersUnited unsourcedStates fantasyto orrecognize sweetthe fairyPalestinian people's right to self-determination in return for PLO acceptance of UN [Resolution] tales242.}}{{pb}}{{cite Soweb|url=http://www.carim.org/public/polsoctexts/PS2PAL005_EN.pdf can|title=The weHistoric haveCompromise: aThe realPalestinian citationDeclaration fromof thatIndependence bookand (1994)the ofTwenty-Year Struggle for a Two-State Solution |author=PLO MarkNegotiations Affairs Department Tessler?|date=July13 November 2008 |access-date=6 February 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426022554/http://www.carim.org/public/polsoctexts/PS2PAL005_EN.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2012 2024}}<ref>{{citepb}}{{Cite book |last=Quigley |first=MarkJohn A|url=http://read.dukeupress.edu/books/book/969/The-Case-for-PalestineAn-International-Law |last=Tessler|title=AThe HistoryCase offor thePalestine: Israeli–PalestinianAn Conflict|publisher=[[IndianaInternational StateLaw Perspective University]]|___locationdate=Bloomington2005 |datepublisher=1994Duke University Press |isbn=978-02532087360-8223-3527-6 |language=en |doi=10.1215/9780822386766 |page=718212}}</ref> In 2017, [[Hamas]] announced their [[2017 Hamas charter|revised charter]], which claims to accept the idea of a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders, but without recognising the statehood of Israel.<ref name="Al Jazeera-2017">{{cite news |date=2 May 2017 |title=Hamas accepts Palestinian state with 1967 borders |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/5/2/hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders |accessdate=3 November 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> [[Israeli–Palestinian peace process|Diplomatic efforts]] have centred around realizing a two-state solution, starting from the failed [[2000 Camp David Summit]] and [[the Clinton Parameters]], followed by the [[Taba Summit]] in 2001. The failure of the Camp David summit to reach an agreed two-state solution formed the backdrop to the commencement of the [[Second Intifada]], the violent consequences of which marked a turning point among both peoples’ attitudes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Palti |first=Zohar |date=2023-09-08 |title=The Implications of the Second Intifada on Israeli Views of Oslo |url=https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/implications-second-intifada-israeli-views-oslo |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=[[Washington Institute for Near East Policy|The Washington Institute]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Background & Overview of 2000 Camp David Summit |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/background-and-overview-of-2000-camp-david-summit |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=[[Jewish Virtual Library]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Second Intifada |url=https://www.makan.org.uk/glossary/second_intifada/ |access-date=2024-04-03 |website=Makan |quote=The Second Intifada starkly demonstrated the failure of years of negotiations, and marked a turning point in both internal Israeli and Palestinian politics.}}</ref> A two-state solution also formed the basis of the [[Arab Peace Initiative]], the [[Realignment plan|2006–2008 peace offer]], and the [[2013–14 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks|2013–14 peace talks]].

Currently there is no two-state solution proposal being negotiated between Israel and Palestinians. The [[Palestinian Authority]] supports the idea of a two-state solution;<ref name="CBC News-2024" /> Israel at times has also supported the idea, but currently rejects the creation of a Palestinian state.<ref name="Magid-2024" /> Long-serving Israeli prime minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] stated his objection to a Palestinian state on two separate occasions, in 2015 and 2023.<ref name="Azulay-2015" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-01 |title=Palestinians furious over Netanyahu claims that Israel must 'crush' statehood ambitions |url=https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/article-748435 |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-26 |title=Netanyahu's call to block creation of Palestinian state sparks fury, condemnation |url=https://arab.news/ju7du |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=Arab News |language=en}}</ref> Former Israeli prime ministers [[Ehud Barak]] and [[Ehud Olmert]] in late 2023 expressed support for a two-state solution.<ref name="Cortellessa-2023">{{Cite magazine |last=Cortellessa |first=Eric |date=2023-11-06 |title=Former Israeli Prime Minister: Israel's Endgame in Gaza Should be a Palestinian State |url=https://time.com/6332127/israel-palestine-war-ehud-barak/ |access-date=2023-12-21 |magazine=[[TIME]]}}</ref><ref name="Ramsaran-2023" /> Public support among Israelis and Palestinians (measured separately) for "the concept of the two-state solution" have varied between above and below 50%, partially depending on how the question was phrased.