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==== Facade ====
The main [[Elevation (architecture)|elevation]] of the facade is to the north, along 58th Street.<ref name="NYCL p. 6" /> Both the main facade and the rear facade are composed of overlapping, interlocking rectangles made of white I-beams.<ref name="NYCL p. 6" /><ref name="nyt-2004-07-08" /><ref name="NY2000">{{cite NY2000|pages=938, 940}}</ref> According to the [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission]] (LPC), the interlocking nature of the beams gives the facade a quality similar to a [[jigsaw puzzle]],<ref name="NYCL p. 6" /> contrasting with the row houses that adjoining it.<ref name="Wainwright v727">{{cite web |last=Wainwright |first=Oliver |date=November 19, 2024 |title=Celebrated, reviled, reborn: Paul Rudolph, the brutalist architect with a party streak |url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2024/nov/19/us-architect-paul-rudolph-exhibition-metropolitan-museum-new-york |access-date=May 22, 2025 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> The western facade is a white [[party wall]] with narrow windows on the fifth and sixth stories, while the eastern facade has narrow windows on the fourth floor, fifth floor, and rooftop deck.<ref name="NYCL p. 7">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2023|ps=.|p=7}}</ref>
[[File:Exterior Front Detail - Modulightor Building Paul Ruldolph.jpg|thumb|Detail of the main entrance]]
The main elevation is about {{convert|3|ft}} deep and includes concrete panels for reinforcement.<ref name="Paul Rudolph Institute for Modern Architecture n772">{{cite web |title=Our Office |url=https://www.paulrudolph.institute/our-office |access-date=May 22, 2025 |website=Paul Rudolph Institute for Modern Architecture}}</ref> The I-beams were manufactured to three different widths. The vertical beams are largely {{Convert|4.25|in}} deep, except for those at the far western and eastern edges, which are {{Convert|8.25|in}} deep; the horizontal beams are {{Convert|6.25|in}} deep.<ref name="NYCL p. 12">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2023|ps=.|p=12}}</ref> Though the rectangles generally contain glass windows, a few openings on the facade are filled with concrete blocks, and other openings contain wooden doors.<ref name="NYCL p. 6" /> There is an entrance on the left (east) side of the facade, which is screened by a gate with vertical metal bars; the left wall of this entrance has a lattice with plants, while the door itself is topped by a planting box. Another entrance on the right (west) side of the facade leads to a showroom at the ground level, with a recessed glass door and a marble pavement. The center of the first-floor facade has a tripartite display window.<ref name="NYCL p. 6" />
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==== Third- and fourth-floor duplex ====
[[File:MODULIGHTOR - Duplex Apartment.jpg|thumb|The duplex's south living room]]
The third- and fourth-floor duplex apartment spans about {{Convert|3000|ft2}}.<ref name="NY2000" /> It has four bedrooms, four bathrooms, two balconies between the floors, two living rooms, and a kitchen divided into northern and southern sections.<ref name="NYCL (2025) pp. 6–7">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2025|ps=.|pages=6–7}}</ref> The duplex is decorated in a white color palette throughout, with white built-in furniture.<ref name="Cereal d504" /><ref name="p232261825">{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Chad |date=January 26, 2005 |title=Everything emptying into white |work=The Village Voice |page=14 |id={{pq|232261825}}}}</ref><ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 6">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2025|ps=.|page=6}}</ref> The rooms are interconnected spaces that blend into one another,<ref name="Metropolis h651">{{cite web |last=Artemel |first=A.J.P. |date=November 3, 2022 |title=Remembering Paul Rudolph, the Lonely Modernist, at 100 |url=https://metropolismag.com/profiles/paul-rudolph-centenary/ |access-date=May 22, 2025 |website=Metropolis}}</ref><ref name="p232261825" /> which according to the
On the third floor, the northern and southern living rooms are connected by a north–south hallway along the eastern side of the house, which leads to an elevator and the main stairway to the ground. The L-shaped north living room wraps around a bathroom to the east.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 28">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2025|ps=|page=28}}, diagram.</ref> The southern wall of the north living room has a door to the hallway, while the eastern wall has a metal fireplace mantel and wooden cabinets. There are shelves and a sofa on the western wall (adjoining a staircase to the northern balcony), while the northern wall adjoins a terrace.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 6" /> On the western side of the house, the two sections of the kitchen are separated by a wall with a door.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 28" /> The northern half includes a refrigerator and oven, while the southern half contains a stovetop, fume hood, and sinks; both sections include shelves, cabinets, and white counters.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 6" /> The south living room is also L-shaped, wrapping around a bathroom to the east.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 28" /> Within the south living room, another staircase near the kitchen ascends to the southern balcony. The eastern wall has a metal fireplace mantel and wooden cabinets; the southeast corner has a window and desk; and the western side has a steel beam above two sofas.<ref name="NYCL (2025) pp. 6–7" /> Along the southern wall of the south living room is an alcove, which has a double-height ceiling and a door leading to the rear garden.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 7">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2025|ps=.|page=7}}</ref>
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The northern and southern halves of the fourth floor each have two bedrooms and a bathroom; these are connected by a north–south passageway to the east, which lead to the elevator and main stair.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 29">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2025|ps=|page=29}}, diagram.</ref> The LPC labels them as north bedroom 1, north bedroom 2, south bedroom 2, and south bedroom 1 from north to south.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 7" /> There are two [[light well]]s overlooking the third floor, one adjoining each pair of bedrooms.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 29" /> North bedroom 1 spans the building's width and has a door to a small exterior terrace at its northeast corner, a door to the north bathroom at its southeast corner, and a stair to the northern balcony. Both the north and south number-2 bedrooms are located near the center of the house, with shelves on their western walls. Each bedroom adjoins a stairway, which leads to the light well and balcony on its respective side of the house, and can also be accessed from the passageway.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 7" /> South bedroom 1 spans the building's width and has a door to the south bathroom at its northeast corner, a link directly to the fourth-floor passageway,<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 29" /> and a door at the southeast corner descending to the third-story alcove and the rear garden.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 7" /> The bathrooms to the north and south can be accessed from their respective number-1 bedroom or the passageway, and they contain cabinets, a sink, a tub, and a toilet.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 7" />
==History==
The building is named for the Modulightor lighting company, which Wagner and Rudolph had cofounded in 1976.<ref name="NYCL p. 10">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2023|ps=.|p=10}}</ref><ref name="Rohan 2014 p. 209">{{cite book |last=Rohan |first=Timothy M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MkmPAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA209 |title=The Architecture of Paul Rudolph |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-300-14939-5 |page=209}}</ref> Originally, the firm was located at 54 West 57th Street in [[Midtown Manhattan]].<ref name="Institute o972" /> Modulightor had manufactured lighting fixtures for [[23 Beekman Place]], Rudolph's Manhattan townhouse, as well as for his other structures. The company had a workshop in [[SoHo, Manhattan|SoHo]], but the workshop's lease was about to expire by 1988, when Wagner noticed that the structure at 246 East 58th Street was for sale.<ref name="NYCL p. 10" /> The owner, MIRA-X International Furnishings Inc,<ref name="NYCL p. 9" /> sold the building on February 24, 1989, to Rudolph and Wagner for $1.75 million.<ref name="Institute o972" />
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=== After Rudolph's death ===
[[File:Kitchen Dining Apartment - Modulightor Building Paul Ruldolph.jpg|thumb|The kitchen]]
Wagner began seeking a buyer for Rudolph's other residence at
Mark Squeo designed an expansion of the building after Rudolph's death.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 14" /><ref name="Institute o972" /><ref name="Ginsburg 2024" /> He drew up plans for the fifth and sixth floors of the building starting in October 2007,<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 14" /> using Rudolph's preliminary designs for a six-story building on the site.<ref name="Cereal d504" /><ref name="6sqft" /> Actual construction started {{Circa|2010–2011}}; the modifications largely adhered to Rudolph's drawings, with some modifications such as the removal of a triplex penthouse and the addition of balconies.<ref name="NYCL p. 11" /> Wagner evicted the Paul Rudolph Foundation after a disagreement in 2014, and he created a competing organization, the Paul Rudolph Heritage Foundation (later the Institute for Modern Architecture<ref name="Institute o972" />), which was headquartered at the building.<ref name="NYCL (2025) p. 14" /><ref name="Kasingsing i153">{{cite web | last=Kasingsing | first=Mel Patrick | title=Monument Man: Paul Rudolph Institute for Modern Architecture | website=Kanto – Creative Corners | date=May 4, 2021 | url=https://kanto.ph/spaces/paul-rudolph/ | access-date=May 22, 2025}}</ref> Following the completion of the building's top floors in 2016, they were opened to the public.<ref name="NYCL pp. 11–12">{{harvnb|Landmarks Preservation Commission|2023|ps=.|pages=11–12}}</ref> The fashion house [[Bottega Veneta]] hosted a fashion show there in early 2017,<ref>{{cite web |last=Minton |first=Melissa |date=January 5, 2017 |title=Bottega Veneta's Latest Campaign Features Lauren Hutton, Joan Smalls, and an NYC Landmark |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/bottega-venettas-summer-2017-campaign |access-date=May 22, 2025 |website=Architectural Digest}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Hyland |first=Véronique |date=January 4, 2017 |title=At 73, Lauren Hutton Is the Star of Bottega Veneta's New Campaign |url=https://www.thecut.com/2017/01/lauren-hutton-bottega-veneta-summer-2017-campaign.html |access-date=May 22, 2025 |website=The Cut}}</ref> and the upper stories hosted the Archtober festival that October.<ref name="NYCL pp. 11–12" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Wachs |first=Audrey |date=September 28, 2017 |title=AN will bring you a building every day for Archtober 2017 |url=https://www.archpaper.com/2017/09/archtober-2017-building-of-the-day-tours-full-list/ |access-date=May 22, 2025 |website=The Architect's Newspaper}}</ref> An exhibition called ''Paul Rudolph: The Personal Laboratory'' was hosted on the upper stories in 2018 to celebrate Rudolph's 100th birthday.<ref name="NYT 2018" /><ref name="Metropolis h651" />
The
== Reception ==
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