Duluth model: Difference between revisions

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==Effectiveness==

An early U.S. government sponsored study found that batterers who complete programs based on the Duluth Model are less likely to repeat acts of domestic violence than those who do not complete any batterers' intervention program.<ref name="MTwohey"/> A 2003 study conducted by the U.S. National Institute of Justice found the Duluth Model to have "little or no effect".<ref>https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/195079.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> This study had considerable shortfalls, and the National Institute of Justice said in its introduction that "response rates were low, many people dropped out of the program, and victims could not be found for subsequent interviews. The tests used to measure batterers' attitudes toward domestic violence and their likelihood to engage in future abuse were of questionable validity."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gondolf |first=Edward W. |date=2007-11-01 |title=Theoretical and research support for the Duluth Model: A reply to dutton and corvo |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359178907000341 |journal=Aggression and Violent Behavior |language=en |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=644–657 |doi=10.1016/j.avb.2007.03.001 |issn=1359-1789|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

A 2003 longitudinal, four-year evaluation by E. W. Gondolf, covering four cities, shows clear deescalation of reassault and other abuse, with 80% of men reaching sustained non-violence.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gondolf |first=Edward W |date=2004-09-01 |title=Evaluating batterer counseling programs: A difficult task showing some effects and implications |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359178903000508 |journal=Aggression and Violent Behavior |language=en |volume=9 |issue=6 |pages=605–631 |doi=10.1016/j.avb.2003.06.001 |issn=1359-1789|url-access=subscription }}</ref> A 2005 study led by Larry Bennett, a professor of social work at the University of Illinois at Chicago and an expert on batterer intervention programs, found that of the 30 batterer intervention programs in [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]], [[Illinois]], 15 percent of batterers who completed the programs were rearrested for domestic violence, compared with 37 percent of those who dropped out of the programs.<ref name="MTwohey" /> Bennett said the studies are largely meaningless because they lacked a proper control group.<ref name="MTwohey" /> He added that participants who complete domestic violence programs are likely to be more motivated than others to improve behavior and would be less inclined to offend again.<ref name="MTwohey" />

A 2011 review of the effectiveness of batterers intervention programs (BIP), primarily the Duluth model, found that "there is no solid empirical evidence for either the effectiveness or relative superiority of any of the current group interventions," and that "the more rigorous the methodology of evaluation studies, the less encouraging their findings."<ref>{{cite web |url= http://fisafoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/BIPsEffectiveness.pdf|title=The Effectiveness of Batterer Intervention Programs |date= 2011|website=fisafoundation.org|access-date=2020-03-22}}</ref> That is, as BIPs in general, and Duluth model programs in particular are subject to increasingly rigorous review, their success rate approaches zero. A 2014 news report reported zero percent recidivism within five years for a batterers intervention program based on [[Nonviolent Communication]], and contrasted this with a recidivism rate of 40 percent within five years for a batterers intervention program based on the Duluth model as reported by the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project.<ref name="Battering">{{cite news|title=Batterers' intervention recidivism rates lowest known to date|url=http://www.mtdemocrat.com/news/batterers-intervention-recidivism-rates-lowest-known-to-date/|access-date=21 September 2017|newspaper=Mountain Democrat (Placerville, CA)|date=30 April 2014}}</ref>