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== Background ==
The Six Viewpoints was originally developed in the 1970s by master theater artist and educator [[Mary Overlie]], later conceptualised in her book ''Standing in Space: The Six Viewpoints Theory & Practice'' (2016)''.'' Overlie's Viewpoints and practice are seen to contribute greatly to the [[Postmodernism|postmodern movement]] in theatre, dance, and choreography, grounded in its opposition against [[Modernism|modernism's]] emphasis on hierarchical structure in performance creation, fixed meaning, and linear narratives.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perucci |first=Tony |date=19 December 2017 |title=On Stealing Viewpoints |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2017.1384188 |journal=Performance Research |volume=22 |issue=5 |pages=121–123 |doi=10.1080/13528165.2017.1384188 |s2cid=194838101 |via=Tandfonline|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
A key principle of the Viewpoints practice is [[Horizontalidad|horizontalism]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perucci |first=Tony |date=16 February 2015 |title=Dog Sniff Dog |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2015.991598 |journal=Performance Research |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=105–112 |doi=10.1080/13528165.2015.991598 |s2cid=192700051 |via=Tandfonline|url-access=subscription }}</ref> a distinct focus on a non-hierarchical organisation of the performance elements, meaning shared engagement with elements like space, body, text, time, shape, and emotion. The practice subsequently constitutes a shared agency of creation amongst performers and creators in working through the individual body and its surrounding material environment as part of a collective ensemble. The Viewpoints thus encourages the performer to incorporate their own bodily impulses and personal experiences in the act of creation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Perucci |first=Tony |date=31 August 2021 |title=The Viewpoints and the Secret of the Original Anarchist: Mary Overlie and the Undercommons |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2020.1930784 |journal=Performance Research |volume=25 |issue=8 |pages=95–100 |doi=10.1080/13528165.2020.1930784 |s2cid=239740721 |via=Tandfonline|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
The Six Viewpoints theory was adapted by directors [[Anne Bogart]] and [[Tina Landau]], ultimately resulting in the delineation of nine "physical" and five "vocal" Viewpoints. Bogart and Overlie were on the faculty of the Experimental Theatre Wing at [[New York University Tisch School of the Arts|NYU Tisch School of the Arts]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s, during which Bogart was influenced by Overlie's innovations. Overlie's Six Viewpoints are considered to be a methodology to examine, analyze, and create performance in non-hierarchised and deconstructed way, whilst Bogart's Viewpoints are considered practical in creating staging with actors.
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