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===The vectorial transfer function===
At high numerical apertures such as those found in microscopy, it is important to consider the vectorial nature of the fields that carry light. By decomposing the waves in three independent components corresponding to the Cartesian axes, a point spread function can be calculated for each component and combined into a ''vectorial'' point spread function. Similarly, a ''vectorial'' optical transfer function can be determined as shown in (<ref name=Sheppard1997>{{cite journal |last1= Sheppard |first1= C.J.R. |last2= Larkin |first2= K. |title= Vectorial pupil functions and vectorial transfer functions |journal= Optik-Stuttgart |volume= 107 |pages= 79–87 |year= 1997 |url= http://www.nontrivialzeros.net/KGL_Papers/28_Vectorial_OTF_Optik_1997.pdf}}</ref>) and (<ref name=Arnison2002>{{cite journal |last1= Arnison |first1= M. R. |last2= Sheppard |first2= C. J. R. |doi= 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01857-6 |title= A 3D vectorial optical transfer function suitable for arbitrary pupil functions |journal= Optics Communications |volume= 211 |issue= 1–6 |pages= 53–63 |year= 2002 |url= http://www.purplebark.net/mra/research/votf/|bibcode= 2002OptCo.211...53A|url-access= subscription }}</ref>).
==Measurement==
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