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==Basic principles of operation==
[[Image:Linear accelerator animation 16frames 1.6sec.gif|thumb|upright=2.5|Animation showing how a linear accelerator works. In this example the particles accelerated (red dots) are assumed to have a positive charge. The graph ''V''(x) shows the [[electrical potential]] along the axis of the accelerator at each point in time. The polarity of the RF voltage reverses as the particle passes through each electrode, so when the particle crosses each gap the electric field ''(E, arrows)'' has the correct direction to accelerate it. The animation shows a single particle being accelerated each cycle; in actual linacs a large number of particles are injected and accelerated each cycle. The action is shown slowed enormously.]]
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=== Radiofrequency acceleration ===
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