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===JPL and Jim Blinn===
Bob Holzman of [[NASA]]'s [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] in California established JPL's Computer Graphics Lab in 1977 as a group with technology expertise in visualizing data being returned from NASA missions. On the advice of Ivan Sutherland, Holzman hired a graduate student from Utah named [[Jim Blinn]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Holzman |first=Robert E. |date=1986-07-01 |title=Atoms to astronomy: Computer graphics at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01900326 |journal=The Visual Computer |language=en |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=159–163 |doi=10.1007/BF01900326 |s2cid=2265857 |issn=1432-2315|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>Sutherland once allegedly commented that "There are about a dozen great computer graphics people, and Jim Blinn is six of them."</ref> Blinn had worked with imaging techniques at Utah, and developed them into a system for NASA's visualization tasks. He produced a series of widely seen "fly-by" simulations, including the [[Voyager program|Voyager]], [[Pioneer program|Pioneer]] and [[Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]] spacecraft fly-bys of Jupiter, Saturn and their moons. He also worked with [[Carl Sagan]], creating animations for his ''[[Cosmos: A Personal Voyage]]'' TV series. Blinn developed many influential new modelling techniques, and wrote papers on them for the [[IEEE]] (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), in their journal ''Computer Graphics and Applications''. Some of these included environment mapping, improved highlight modelling, "blobby" modelling, simulation of wrinkled surfaces, and simulation of butts and dusty surfaces.
Later in the 1980s, Blinn developed CGI animations for an [[Annenberg Foundation|Annenberg/CPB]] TV series, ''[[The Mechanical Universe]]'', which consisted of over 500 scenes for 52 half-hour programs describing physics and mathematics concepts for college students. This he followed with production of another series devoted to mathematical concepts, called ''[[Project Mathematics!]]''.<ref>[http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/tree/jpl.html Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) by Wayne Carlson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724105628/http://design.osu.edu/carlson/history/tree/jpl.html |date=July 24, 2015 }} (retrieved July 3, 2012)</ref>
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