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Student exchanges became popular after [[World War II]], intended to increase the participants' understanding and tolerance of other cultures, as well as improving their language skills and broadening their social horizons. Student exchanges also increased further after the end of the [[Cold War]]. An exchange student typically stays in the host country for a period of 6 to 12 months; however, exchange students may opt to stay for one semester at a time. [[International student]]s or those on study abroad programs may stay in the host country for several years. Some exchange programs also offer [[academic credit]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2019 |title=Foster School Exchange Programs |url=https://foster.uw.edu/centers/gbc/undergraduate/exchange-programs/ |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=University of Washington}}</ref>
Students of study abroad programs aim to develop a global perspective and cultural understanding by challenging their comfort zones and immersing themselves in a different culture. Studies have shown that students' desire to study abroad has increased, and research suggests that students choose programs because of ___location, costs, available resources and heritage.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Naddaf |first1=Mariana |last2=Marie |first2=Jakia |last3=Mitchell |first3=Donald |date=2020-01-01 |title=Heritage Seekers, Identity, and Study Abroad: A Phenomenological Exploration |url=https://scholarworks.bellarmine.edu/education_fac_pub/13 |journal=Journal of College Student Development|volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=251–256 |doi=10.1353/csd.2020.0026 |s2cid=216334322 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Although there are many different exchange programs, most popular are the programs that offer academic credit, as many students are concerned about traveling hindering their academic and professional plans.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angulo |first=Sarah Kathryn |date=2008 |title=Identity change in students who study abroad |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/194154897 |journal=The University of Texas at Austin ProQuest Dissertations Publishing |id={{ProQuest|194154897}} |via=ProQuest}}</ref>
== Types of exchange programs ==
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=== Foreign students in Spain ===
A series of studies conducted within the last decade found similar results in students studying abroad in Spain for a short-term and/or semester long program. These studies found that students can improve their speaking proficiency during one semester, there is a positive relationship between students' integrative motivation and interaction with second language culture, and student contact with the Spanish language has a great effect on their speaking improvement.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hernández |first=Todd A. |date=1 December 2010 |title=The Relationship Among Motivation, Interaction, and the Development of Second Language Oral Proficiency in a Study-Abroad Context |url=https://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=span_fac |journal=The Modern Language Journal |language=en |volume=94 |issue=4 |pages=600–617 |doi=10.1111/j.1540-4781.2010.01053.x |issn=1540-4781|url-access=subscription }}</ref> It is especially apparent in students who live with host families during their program. Anne Reynolds-Case found improvements in understanding and usage of the ''vosotros'' form after studying in Spain.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reynolds-Case |first=Anne |date=1 June 2013 |title=The Value of Short-Term Study Abroad: An Increase in Students' Cultural and Pragmatic Competency |journal=Foreign Language Annals |language=en |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=311–322 |doi=10.1111/flan.12034 |issn=1944-9720}}</ref> One study specifically studies culture perceptions of students studying abroad in Spain. Alan Meredith defines culture as consisting "of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts." Questionnaires were given to students living with host families during a two-month program in Spain. He studies how these groups perceive customs, such as concern for personal appearance, physical contact, cooking styles, politics, etc. The study found a variety of results depending the cultural custom. However, the US students' perceptions most closely aligned with the Young Spaniards (16–22 years old).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meredith |first=R. Alan |date=2010 |title=Acquiring Cultural Perceptions during Study Abroad: The Influence of Youthful Associates |journal=Hispania |volume=93 |issue=4 |pages=686–702 |jstor=25758244}}</ref> At the same time, Angela George's study found little significance in the adoption of regional features during their semester abroad.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=George |first=Angela |date=1 March 2014 |title=Study Abroad in Central Spain: The Development of Regional Phonological Features |journal=Foreign Language Annals |language=en |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=97–114 |doi=10.1111/flan.12065 |issn=1944-9720}}</ref> Though most of these studies focused on students who came from America to study in Spain, the United States is not the only one sending their students. Brian Denman's article demonstrates an increase of Saudi student mobility for education, including locations such as Spain.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Denman |first1=Brian D. |last2=Hilal |first2=Kholoud T. |date=1 August 2011 |title=From barriers to bridges: An investigation on Saudi student mobility (2006–2009) |journal=International Review of Education |language=en |volume=57 |issue=3–4 |pages=299–318 |bibcode=2011IREdu..57..299D |doi=10.1007/s11159-011-9221-0 |issn=0020-8566 |s2cid=143960533}}</ref>
== Drawbacks ==
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