Open access: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 12:59, 24 May 2025

Revision as of 22:41, 27 May 2025

Line 109:

[[File:Preprint postprint published.svg|thumb|Typical publishing workflow for an academic journal article ([[preprint]], [[postprint]], and [[Version of record|published]]) with open access sharing rights per [[SHERPA/RoMEO]]]]

A "[[preprint]]" is typically a version of a research paper that is shared on an online platform prior to, or during, a formal peer review process.<ref name="Ginsparg 2016">{{Cite journal |last=Ginsparg |first=P. |year=2016 |title=Preprint Déjà Vu |journal=The EMBO Journal |volume=35 |issue=24 |pages=2620–2625 |doi=10.15252/embj.201695531 |pmc=5167339 |pmid=27760783}}</ref><ref name="Tennant 2018b">{{Cite report |last1=Tennant |first1=Jonathan |last2=Bauin |first2=Serge |last3=James |first3=Sarah |last4=Kant |first4=Juliane |year=2018 |title=The Evolving Preprint Landscape: Introductory Report for the Knowledge Exchange Working Group on Preprints |doi=10.17605/OSF.IO/796TU |url=https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/796TU}}</ref><ref name="Neylon 2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Neylon |first1=Cameron |last2=Pattinson |first2=Damian |last3=Bilder |first3=Geoffrey |last4=Lin |first4=Jennifer |year=2017 |title=On the Origin of Nonequivalent States: How We Can Talk about Preprints |journal=F1000Research |volume=6 |pages=608 |doi=10.12688/f1000research.11408.1 |pmc=5461893 |pmid=28620459 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Preprint platforms have become popular due to the increasing drive towards open access publishing and can be publisher- or community-led. A range of discipline-specific or cross-___domain platforms now exist.<ref name="Balaji 2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Balaji |first1=B. |last2=Dhanamjaya |first2=M. |year=2019 |title=Preprints in Scholarly Communication: Re-Imagining Metrics and Infrastructures |journal=Publications |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=6 |doi=10.3390/publications7010006 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The posting of pre-prints (and/or authors' manuscript versions) is consistent with the Green Open Access model.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

==== Effect of preprints on later publication ====

Line 123:

=== Archiving ===

The "green" route to OA refers to author self-archiving, in which a version of the article (often the peer-reviewed version before editorial typesetting, called "postprint") is posted online to an institutional and/or subject repository. This route is often dependent on journal or publisher policies,<ref group="note">{{Cite web |title=SHERPA/RoMEO |url=http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830211037/http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php |archive-date=30 August 2019 |access-date=28 August 2019}} database.</ref> which can be more restrictive and complicated than respective "gold" policies regarding deposit ___location, license, and embargo requirements. Some publishers require an embargo period before deposition in public repositories,<ref name="Gadd 2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Gadd |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Troll Covey |first2=Denise |year=2019 |title=What Does "Green" Open Access Mean? Tracking Twelve Years of Changes to Journal Publisher Self-Archiving Policies |url=https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21555 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=106–122 |doi=10.1177/0961000616657406 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831011405/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/What_does_green_open_access_mean_Tracking_twelve_years_of_changes_to_journal_publisher_self-archiving_policies/9491174 |archive-date=31 August 2020 |access-date=28 August 2019 |s2cid=34955879}}</ref> arguing that immediate self-archiving risks loss of subscription income.

==== Embargo periods ====

Line 266:

There are also a number of [[preprint server]]s which host articles that have not yet been reviewed as open access copies.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Peiperl |first1=Larry |date=16 April 2018 |title=Preprints in medical research: Progress and principles |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=e1002563 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1002563 |issn=1549-1676 |pmc=5901682 |pmid=29659580 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elmore |first=Susan A. |year=2018 |title=Preprints: What Role do These Have in Communicating Scientific Results? |journal=Toxicologic Pathology |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=364–365 |doi=10.1177/0192623318767322 |pmc=5999550 |pmid=29628000}}</ref> These articles are subsequently submitted for peer review by both open access and subscription journals, however the preprint always remains openly accessible. A list of preprint servers is maintained at ResearchPreprints.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2017 |title=A List of Preprint Servers |url=https://researchpreprints.com/2017/03/09/a-list-of-preprint-servers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309101709/http://researchpreprints.com/2017/03/09/a-list-of-preprint-servers/ |archive-date=9 March 2019 |access-date=10 March 2019 |website=Research Preprints}}</ref>

For articles that are published in closed access journals, some authors will deposit a postprint copy in an [[open-access repository]], where it can be accessed for free.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eve |first=Martin |title=Open access and the humanities |title-link=wikisource:Open access and the humanities/Chapter 1 |date=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781107484016 |___location=Cambridge |pages=9–10}}</ref><ref>[[Stevan Harnad|Harnad, S]]. 2007. [http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/15753 "The Green Road to Open Access: A Leveraged Transition"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312170036/http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/15753/|date=12 March 2010}}. In: ''The Culture of Periodicals from the Perspective of the Electronic Age'', pp. 99–105, L'Harmattan. Retrieved 3 December 2011.</ref><ref name="greenandgold2">{{Cite journal |last1=Harnad |first1=S. |last2=Brody |first2=T. |last3=Vallières |first3=F. O. |last4=Carr |first4=L. |last5=Hitchcock |first5=S. |last6=Gingras |first6=Y. |last7=Oppenheim |first7=C. |last8=Stamerjohanns |first8=H. |last9=Hilf |first9=E. R. |year=2004 |title=The Access/Impact Problem and the Green and Gold Roads to Open Access |journal=Serials Review |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=310–314 |doi=10.1016/j.serrev.2004.09.013}}</ref><ref name="roar2" /><ref name="DemystifyingOpenAccess2">{{Cite web |last1=Fortier |first1=Rose |last2=James |first2=Heather G. |last3=Jermé |first3=Martha G. |last4=Berge |first4=Patricia |last5=Del Toro |first5=Rosemary |date=14 May 2015 |title=Demystifying Open Access Workshop |url=http://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=rsch_inst |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518162648/http://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=rsch_inst |archive-date=18 May 2015 |access-date=18 May 2015 |website=e-Publications@Marquette }}</ref> Most subscription journals place restrictions on which version of the work may be shared and/or require an [[Embargo (academic publishing)|embargo]] period following the original date of publication. What is deposited can therefore vary, either a [[preprint]] or the peer-reviewed [[postprint]], either the author's refereed and revised final draft or the publisher's [[version of record]], either immediately deposited or after several years.<ref name="Embargos2">[http://sparceurope.org/embargoes/ " SPARC Europe – Embargo Periods] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118022056/http://sparceurope.org/embargoes/|date=18 November 2015}}. Retrieved on 18 October 2015.</ref> Repositories may be specific to an [[Institutional repository|institution]], a [[Disciplinary repository|discipline]] (e.g.[[arXiv]]), a [[scholarly society]] (e.g. [[Modern Language Association|MLA]]'s CORE Repository), or a funder (e.g. PMC). Although the practice was first formally proposed in 1994,<ref>Ann Shumelda Okerson and James J. O'Donnell (eds). 1995. [http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/subversive.pdf "Scholarly Journals at the Crossroads: A Subversive Proposal for Electronic Publishing"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912184229/http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/subversive.pdf|date=12 September 2012}}. Association of Research Libraries. Retrieved on 3 December 2011.</ref><ref>Poynder, Richard. 2004. [http://www.infotoday.com/it/oct04/poynder.shtml "Poynder On Point: Ten Years After"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110926210259/http://www.infotoday.com/IT/oct04/poynder.shtml|date=26 September 2011}}. ''[[Information Today]]'', 21(9), October 2004. Retrieved on 3 December 2011.</ref> self-archiving was already being practiced by some computer scientists in local [[FTP]] archives in the 1980s (later harvested by [[CiteSeer]]).<ref>[[Stevan Harnad|Harnad, S]]. 2007.[http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/Hypermail/Amsci/6519.html "Re: when did the Open Access movement "officially" begin"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913192955/http://users.ecs.soton.ac.uk/harnad/Hypermail/Amsci/6519.html|date=13 September 2016}}. [[American Scientist Open Access Forum]], 27 June 2007. Retrieved on 3 December 2011.</ref> The [[SHERPA/RoMEO]] site maintains a list of the different publisher copyright and self-archiving policies<ref>[http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php SHERPA/RoMEO – Publisher copyright policies & self-archiving] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111124111/http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php|date=11 November 2007}}. Sherpa.ac.uk. Retrieved on 3 December 2011.</ref> and the [[ROAR Registry of Open Access Repositories|ROAR]] database hosts an index of the repositories themselves.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Evaluating Institutional Repository Deployment in American Academe Since Early 2005: Repositories by the Numbers, Part 2 |url=http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september07/mcdowell/09mcdowell.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811013843/http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september07/mcdowell/09mcdowell.html |archive-date=11 August 2017 |access-date=10 March 2019 |website=www.dlib.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dawson |first1=Patricia H. |last2=Yang |first2=Sharon Q. |date=1 October 2016 |title=Institutional Repositories, Open Access and Copyright: What Are the Practices and Implications? |url=http://eprints.rclis.org/32654/1/IRpaper_postprint_pdf.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Science & Technology Libraries |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=279–294 |doi=10.1080/0194262X.2016.1224994 |issn=0194-262X |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719125239/http://eprints.rclis.org/32654/1/IRpaper_postprint_pdf.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2018 |access-date=11 July 2019 |s2cid=63819187}}</ref>

==== Representativeness in proprietary databases ====