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Hutorok134 (talk | contribs) →North America: removed Klamath–Modoc and Molala |
Hutorok134 (talk | contribs) →South America: added Arutani, Guachí, Máku-Auari, Matanawi, Omurano, Pankararú, Payaguá, Sapé and Taushiro |
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Line 535:
|[[Colombia]], [[Peru]]
| Spoken on the upper reaches of the [[Japurá River]]. Extinct in Peru. Possibly [[Witotoan languages|Witotoan]].<ref name=":0">{{cite encyclopedia|title=South America|encyclopedia=Atlas of the World's Languages|year=2007|publisher=Routledge|___location=London}}</ref>
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| [[Arutani language|Arutani]]
|6
| data-sort-value=4 | Moribund
|[[Brazil]], [[Venezuela]]
| Spoken along the [[Paragua River]] and [[Uraricaá River]] in the far southern area of [[Bolívar (state)|Bolívar State]], [[Venezuela]] and the far northern area of [[Roraima]], [[Brazil]]. Part of the proposed [[Arutani–Sape languages|Arutani–Sape language family]] but more likely to be an isolate.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hammarström|first=Harald|title=The status of the least documented language families in the world|journal=Language Documentation & Conservation|year=2010|volume=4|pages=183|url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/4478/hammarstrom.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | publisher = Cambridge University Press Cambridge | last = Dixon | first = R. M. W. |author2=A. Y. Aikhenvald | title = The Amazonian languages | series = Cambridge Language Surveys | date = 1999 | page = 343}}</ref>
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| [[Betoi language|Betoi]]
Line 580 ⟶ 586:
|[[Fulniô language|Fulniô]]
|1,000
|
|Spoken in the states of [[Paraíba]], [[Pernambuco]], [[Alagoas]], [[Sergipe]], and the northern part of [[Bahia]]. Divided into two dialects, Fulniô and Yatê.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yaté |url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/1642 |website=Endangered Languages Project |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> Sometimes classified as a [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Jê]] language.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crevils |first1=Mily |editor1-last=Campbell |editor1-first=Lyle |editor2-last=Grondona |editor2-first=Veronica |title=Classification of the Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide |date=2012 |publisher=De Gruyter |page=185 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pA-ryJRcG3AC&q=Guat%C3%B3&pg=PA59 |access-date=21 February 2021 |chapter=Chapter III: Language Endangerment in South America:The Clock is Ticking|isbn=978-3-11-025803-5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Melatti |first1=Julio Cezar |title=Aspectos culturais (não linguísticos) dos povos falantes de línguas do tronco Macro-Jê-Roteiro para discussão no IX Encontro Macro-Jê |url=http://www.juliomelatti.pro.br/notas/n-aspectos-culturais-macro-je.pdf |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|[[Guachi language|Guachí]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" |Extinct▼
| [[Argentina]]
| Formerly spoken in [[Argentina]] by the Guachí. Linkage has been proposed to the [[Mataco–Guaicuru languages|Mataco–Guaicuru language family]], however Campbell (2012) classifies it as an isolate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Lyle |author-link=Lyle Campbell |editor1-last=Grondona |editor1-first=Verónica |editor2-last=Campbell |editor2-first=Lyle |date=2012 |title=The Indigenous Languages of South America |chapter=Classification of the indigenous languages of South America |series=The World of Linguistics |volume=2 |___location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=59–166 |isbn=978-3-11-025513-3}}</ref>
|-
|[[Guató language|Guató]]
|5
| data-sort-value="4" |Moribund
| rowspan="2" | [[Brazil]]
|Spoken in the far south of [[Mato Grosso]] near the Bolivian border. Has been classified as [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Jê]], but this is disputed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Lyle |editor1-last=Campbell |editor1-first=Lyle |editor2-last=Grondona |editor2-first=Veronica |title=Classification of the Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide |date=2012 |publisher=De Gruyter |page=136 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pA-ryJRcG3AC&q=Guat%C3%B3&pg=PA59 |access-date=21 February 2021 |chapter=Chapter II: Classification of the Indigenous Languages of South America|isbn=978-3-11-025803-5 }}</ref>
|-
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| [[Bolivia]]
| Spoken at the foot of the [[Andes]] in the [[La Paz Department (Bolivia)|department of La Paz]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Van der Kerke |first1=Simon |title=Tomo I: Ámbito andino – Leco |url=https://www.ru.nl/cls/our-research/completed-research-projects/completed-projects/lenguas-de-bolivia-es/lenguas-de-bolivia/tomo-ambito-andino/|website=Lenguas de Bolivia |publisher=Centre for Language Studies-Radboud University |access-date=19 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Maku language of Auari|Máku-Auari]]
| Spoken on the [[Brazil]]–[[Venezuela]] border in [[Roraima]] until 2000. Also known as ''Máku'' or ''Maku''. Likely language isolate. Has been linked to the [[Arutani–Sape languages|Arutani–Sape]] and the [[Macro-Puinavean languages|Macro-Puinavean language families]].
|-
| [[Mapuche language|Mapuche]]
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| [[Chile]], [[Argentina]]
| Spoken in areas of the far-southern Andes and in the [[Chiloé Archipelago]]. Also known as ''Mapudungun'', ''Araucano'' or ''Araucanian''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zúñiga |first1=Fernando |title=Los mapuches y su lengua |date=2006 |publisher=Centro de Estudios Públicos |___location=Santiago de Chile |page=402}}</ref> Variously part of [[Andean languages|Andean]],<ref name="Amerind Dictionary" /> [[Macro-Panoan languages|Macro-Panoan]],<ref name="Kaufman, Terrence 1994"/> or [[Mataco–Guaicuru languages|Mataco–Guaicuru]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Viegas Barros |first1=Jose Pedro |title=La hipótesis de parentesco Guaicurú-Mataguayo: estado actual de la cuestión |journal=Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=293–333 |doi=10.26512/rbla.v5i2.16269 |url=https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/28247 |access-date=21 February 2021|doi-access=free |hdl=11336/28247 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> proposals. Sometimes [[Huilliche language|Huilliche]] is treated as a separate language, reclassifying Mapuche into an [[Araucanian languages|Araucanian]] family.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mason |first1=John Alden |editor1-last=steward |editor1-first=Julian |title=Handbook of South American Indians |date=1950 |publisher=Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin |___location=Washington D.C. |pages=157–317 |chapter="The Languages of South America"}}</ref>
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| [[Matanawi language|Matanawi]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Extinct
| [[Brazil]]
| Spoken on the Castanha River and [[Madeirinha River]] in [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] in [[Brazil]] until the middle of the 20th century. Has been linked to the [[Mura language|Mura-Pirahã language]].
|-
| [[Mochica language|Mochica]]
▲| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Extinct
| [[Peru]]
| Spoken along the northwest coast of [[Peru]] and in an inland village until {{circa|1920}}. Usually considered to be a language isolate,<ref name="Campbell-SAmerica">{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Lyle |author-link=Lyle Campbell |editor1-last=Grondona |editor1-first=Verónica |editor2-last=Campbell |editor2-first=Lyle |date=2012 |title=The Indigenous Languages of South America |chapter=Classification of the indigenous languages of South America |series=The World of Linguistics |volume=2 |___location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=59–166 |isbn=978-3-11-025513-3}}</ref> but has also been hypothesized as belonging to a wider [[Chimuan languages|Chimuan]] language family.
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| data-sort-value=2 | Vulnerable
| [[Colombia]]
| Spoken in the northern part of [[Cauca Department]]. Also known as ''Páez''. Several proposed relationships in the [[Paezan languages|Paezan]] hypothesis but nothing conclusive.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Adelaar |first1=Willem |last2=Muysken |first2=Pieter |title=The Languages of the Andes |date=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |___location=Cambridge |pages=393–397}}</ref>
|-
| [[Omurano language|Omurano]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" rowspan="4" |Extinct
| [[Peru]]
| Spoken near the [[Marañón River]] until 2006. Linkage to the [[Saparo–Yawan languages|Saparo–Yawan language family]] has been proposed.
|-
| [[Oti language|Oti]]
▲| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" |Extinct
| rowspan="2" | [[Brazil]]
| Spoken in [[São Paulo]] until the early 1900s. [[Macro-Jê languages|Macro-Jê]] has been suggested.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rodrigues |first1=Aryon |editor1-last=Dixon |editor1-first=R.M.W |title=The Amazonian Languages |date=1999 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |___location=Cambridge |chapter=6: The Amazonian Languages}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pankararú language|Pankararú]]
| Spoken between the [[Moxotó River]] and the [[Pajeú River]] in eastern [[Brazil]] after until the 1960s. Probably a language isolate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Loukotka |first=Čestmír |author-link=Čestmír Loukotka |title=Classification of South American Indian languages |url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof0007louk |url-access=registration |publisher=UCLA Latin American Center |year=1968 |___location=Los Angeles}}</ref>
|-
| [[Payagua language|Payaguá]]
| [[Argentina]], [[Paraguay]]
| Spoken in [[Argentina]] and [[Paraguay]] by the [[Payaguá]] until 1943. Linkage has been proposed to the [[Mataco–Guaicuru languages|Mataco–Guaicuru language family]], however Campbell (2012) classifies it as an isolate.<ref>{{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Lyle |author-link=Lyle Campbell |editor1-last=Grondona |editor1-first=Verónica |editor2-last=Campbell |editor2-first=Lyle |date=2012 |title=The Indigenous Languages of South America |chapter=Classification of the indigenous languages of South America |series=The World of Linguistics |volume=2 |___location=Berlin |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |pages=59–166 |isbn=978-3-11-025513-3}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pirahã language|Pirahã]]
|380
| data-sort-value=1 | Vibrant
| [[Brazil]]
| Spoken along the [[Maici River]] in [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]], [[Brazil]]. The only living dialect of [[Mura language]].
|-
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| [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]]
| Spoken in 32 communities along the banks of the [[Inírida River]] in [[Guainía Department]], Colombia and in 10 communities along the [[Orinoco|Orinoco River]], in the Colombia–Venezuela border region. Generally considered to be a language isolate, but sometimes linked to [[Macro-Puinavean languages|Macro-Puinavean language family]] along with other families and lesser attested languages.
|-
| [[Sapé language|Sapé]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" |Extinct
| [[Venezuela]]
| Spoken along the [[Paragua River]] and Karuna River in [[Venezuela]] until 2018. Also known as ''Kaliana'' or ''Caliana''. Part of the proposed [[Arutani–Sape languages|Arutani–Sape language family]] but more likely to be an isolate.
|-
| [[Taushiro language|Taushiro]]
|1
| data-sort-value=4 | Moribund
| rowspan="2" | [[Peru]]
| Spoken in the northeastern area of the [[Loreto province]]. Linkage to the [[Saparo–Yawan languages|Saparo–Yawan language family]] has been proposed.
|-
| [[Tequiraca language|Tequiraca]]
| style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" |Extinct
▲| [[Peru]]
| Spoken in the central part of [[Department of Loreto|Loreto]] until the 1950s. Also known as [[Auishiri]]. A connection with [[Canichana language|Canichana]] has been proposed.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}
|-
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