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===Down-convert and digitize stage===
A vector signal analyzer operates by first down-converting the signal spectra by using [[superheterodyne receiver|superheterodyne techniques]].
A portion of the input signal spectrum is [[Superheterodyne receiver#High-side and low-side injection|down-converted]]
After the conversion to an [[intermediate frequency]], the signal is [[electronic filter|filtered]] in order to band-limit the signal and prevent [[aliasing]]. The signal is then [[digitizing|digitized]] using an [[analog-to-digital converter]]. [[Sampling rate]] is often varied in relation to the frequency span under consideration.
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