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Water distribution systems can be modelled as graphs, being then a straightforward application of GNN. This kind of algorithm has been applied to water demand forecasting,<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022WR032299|title=Graph Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks for Water Demand Forecasting|last=Zanfei|first=Ariele |display-authors=etal |date=2022|journal=Water Resources Research|volume=58 |issue=7 |publisher=AGU|doi=10.1029/2022WR032299 |bibcode=2022WRR....5832299Z |access-date=June 11, 2024}}</ref> interconnecting District Measuring Areas to improve the forecasting capacity. Other application of this algorithm on water distribution modelling is the development of metamodels.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0043135423007005|title=Shall we always use hydraulic models? A graph neural network metamodel for water system calibration and uncertainty assessment|last=Zanfei|first=Ariele |journal=Water Research |display-authors=etal |date=2023|volume=242 |doi=10.1016/j.watres.2023.120264 |pmid=37393807 |bibcode=2023WatRe.24220264Z |access-date=June 11, 2024}}</ref>
=== Computer Vision ===
''See also: [[Computer vision]]''
To represent an image as a graph structure, the image is first divided into multiple patches, each of which is treated as a node in the graph. Edges are then formed by connecting each node to its nearest neighbors based on spatial or feature similarity. This graph-based representation enables the application of graph learning models to visual tasks. The relational structure helps to enhance feature extraction and improve performance on image understanding.<ref>{{Citation |last=Han |first=Kai |title=Vision GNN: An Image is Worth Graph of Nodes |date=2022-11-04 |url=http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00272 |access-date=2025-06-03 |publisher=arXiv |doi=10.48550/arXiv.2206.00272 |id=arXiv:2206.00272 |last2=Wang |first2=Yunhe |last3=Guo |first3=Jianyuan |last4=Tang |first4=Yehui |last5=Wu |first5=Enhua}}</ref>
==References==
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