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=== Biohybrid Robots ===
Biohybrid robotics use living tissues or cells to provide machines with functions that would be difficult to achieve otherwise. For instance, muscle cells have been utilized to allow certain biohybrid robots to move. Swarm robotics combine with biohybrid in certain cases, especially within the medical field <ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Conocimiento |first=Ventana al |date=2019-10-21 |title=Biohybrid robots, the next step in the robotic revolution |url=https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/technology/robotics/biohybrid-robots-the-robotic-revolution/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=OpenMind |language=en-US}}</ref> Insect-machine hybrid robots, also known as cyborg insects or insect biobots, is the fusion of a living insect and artificial control system integrated with its body to drive its locomotion or behaviours.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sato |first1=Hirotaka |last2=Vo Doan |first2=Tat Thang |last3=Kolev |first3=Svetoslav |last4=Huynh |first4=Ngoc Anh |last5=Zhang |first5=Chao |last6=Massey |first6=Travis L. |last7=van Kleef |first7=Joshua |last8=Ikeda |first8=Kazuo |last9=Abbeel |first9=Pieter |last10=Maharbiz |first10=Michel M. |date=March 2015 |title=Deciphering the Role of a Coleopteran Steering Muscle via Free Flight Stimulation |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960982215000834 |journal=Current Biology |volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=798–803 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.051 |pmid=25784033 |issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vo Doan |first1=Tat Thang |last2=Tan |first2=Melvin Y.W. |last3=Bui |first3=Xuan Hien |last4=Sato |first4=Hirotaka |date=February 2018 |title=An Ultralightweight and Living Legged Robot |url=https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/soro.2017.0038 |journal=Soft Robotics |language=en |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=17–23 |doi=10.1089/soro.2017.0038 |pmid=29412086 |issn=2169-5172|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cao |first1=Feng |last2=Sato |first2=Hirotaka |date=August 2019 |title=Insect–Computer Hybrid Robot Achieves a Walking Gait Rarely Seen in Nature by Replacing the Anisotropic Natural Leg Spines With Isotropic Artificial Leg Spines |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8681737 |journal=IEEE Transactions on Robotics |volume=35 |issue=4 |pages=1034–1038 |doi=10.1109/TRO.2019.2903416 |issn=1552-3098|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Latif |first1=T. |last2=Bozkurt |first2=A. |chapter=Line following terrestrial insect biobots |date=August 2012 |title=2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6346095 |publisher=IEEE |pages=972–975 |doi=10.1109/EMBC.2012.6346095 |pmid=23366056 |isbn=978-1-4577-1787-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=Songsong |last2=Chen |first2=Yuansheng |last3=Yang |first3=Songlin |last4=Liu |first4=Shen |last5=Tang |first5=Lingqi |last6=Li |first6=Bing |last7=Li |first7=Yao |date=January 2023 |title=The Autonomous Pipeline Navigation of a Cockroach Bio-Robot with Enhanced Walking Stimuli |journal=Cyborg and Bionic Systems |language=en |volume=4 |page=0067 |doi=10.34133/cbsystems.0067 |issn=2692-7632 |pmc=10631459 |pmid=38026542}}</ref>
== Applications ==
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