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The Raspberry Pi has undergone multiple hardware revisions, with changes in processor type, memory capacity, networking features, and peripheral support.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khaliq |first=Azzief |date=27 April 2024 |title=The Evolution Of Raspberry Pi: From Prototype To Single-Board Computing Workhorse |url=https://www.slashgear.com/1566508/raspberry-pi-history-evolution-small-single-board-computer/ |access-date=26 November 2024 |website=SlashGear}}</ref>
Processor speeds have ranged from 700 MHz on early models to 2.4 GHz on the Raspberry Pi 5. RAM has increased from 256 MB on the original model to up to 16 GB on the Pi 5. Storage is typically provided via a [[SD card]], though some Compute Module variants include onboard [[eMMC]] storage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flashing the Compute Module eMMC |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/computemodule/cm-emmc-flashing.md |access-date=14 July 2021 |website=Raspberry Pi Documentation}}</ref> Newer models also support booting from USB-attached drives, and the Pi 5 can boot from [[NVM Express|NVMe]] drives connected via the [[PCI Express|PCIe]] interface.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Geerling |first=Jeff |title=I'm booting my Raspberry Pi 4 from a USB SSD |url=https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2020/im-booting-my-raspberry-pi-4-usb-ssd |access-date=14 July 2021 |website=JeffGeerling.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Geerling |first=Jeff |date=14 May 2024 |title=microSD cards' SBC days are numbered |url=https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2024/microsd-cards-sbc-days-are-numbered |access-date=8 June 2025 |website=JeffGeerling.com}}</ref> Digital video and audio output to a display is offered via [[HDMI]].
Most models include a GPIO ([[general-purpose input/output]]) header that provides power and supports multiple low-speed interfaces. This header allows connection to various accessories and custom hardware.
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=== Video ===
Raspberry Pi devices support a variety of video output options and screen resolutions.
Raspberry Pi devices support a wide range of video outputs and screen resolutions. Early models, such as the original Model A and B, include a full-size HDMI port for digital video and an RCA connector for analog composite output. Later models replace the RCA port with a combined 3.5 mm audio/video jack to save space. Starting with the Raspberry Pi 4, devices switch to dual micro-HDMI ports, allowing two displays to be used simultaneously. The Pi 4 can output dual 4K displays at 30 Hz or a single 4K display at 60 Hz. The Raspberry Pi 5 improves on this by supporting dual 4K displays at 60 Hz.<ref>{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi 4 Specifications|url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/specifications/|access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Raspberry Pi 5 Specifications|url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/specifications/|access-date=8 June 2025}}</ref>▼
Early models, such as the original Model A and Model B, feature a full-size HDMI port for digital video and audio, as well as an [[RCA connector]] for analog [[composite video]] output. The RCA port was removed in later revisions to save board space, but composite video output remains supported via the [[Phone connector (audio)|3.5 mm TRRS jack]] or dedicated solder points on the board. According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, this continued support helps maintain accessibility in [[Developing country|developing countries]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=December 2015 |title=Interview |url=https://magazine.raspberrypi.com/downloads/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTM3NCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--019e2f11232d2aaf6a9cca6954384fde9acbdd57/MagPi40.pdf |magazine=[[The MagPi]] |page=15}}</ref> Supported analog video standards include PAL, NTSC, and their regional variants.<ref name="composite-video">{{cite web |title=Video options in config.txt |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/config_txt.html#video-options |access-date=11 June 2025 |website=Raspberry Pi Documentation}}</ref>
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Earlier Raspberry Pi models can output common resolutions such as 720p and 1080p by default, with some capable of even higher resolutions. Under certain conditions, resolutions up to 2048×1152 or 3840×2160 (4K) are possible, though performance at these settings may vary.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elinux.org/RPi_config.txt |title=Raspberry Pi, supported video resolutions |publisher=eLinux.org |date=30 November 2012 |access-date=11 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/2144 |title=Pi Screen limited to 1920 by RISC OS:- |work=RISC OS Open |access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.riscosopen.org/forum/forums/5/topics/2653|title=RISC OS Open: Forum: Latest Pi firmware?|website=riscosopen.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=79330 |title=Raspberry Pi and 4k @ 15 Hz |access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>▼
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=== GPIO header ===
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