Advanced Encryption Standard: Difference between revisions

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The '''Advanced Encryption Standard''' ('''AES'''), also known by its original name '''Rijndael''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈrɛindaːl}}),<ref name="Rijndael-ammended.pdf" /> is a specification for the [[encryption]] of electronic data established by the U.S. [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]] (NIST) in 2001.<ref name="fips-197">{{cite web |url=https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.197-upd1.pdf |title=Announcing the ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES) |publisher=United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) |work=Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 197 |date=November 26, 2001 |access-date=August 26, 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823165748/https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/FIPS/NIST.FIPS.197-upd1.pdf |archive-date=August 23, 2024}}</ref>

AES is a variant of the Rijndael [[block cipher]]<ref name="Rijndael-ammended.pdf">{{cite web |url=http://csrc.nist.gov/archive/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=1 |title=AES Proposal: Rijndael |last1=Daemen |first1=Joan |last2=Rijmen |first2=Vincent |date=March 9, 2003 |publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology |page=1 |access-date=21 February 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130305143117/http://csrc.nist.gov/archive/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=1 |archive-date=5 March 2013}}</ref> developed by two [[Belgium|Belgian]] cryptographers, [[Joan Daemen]] and [[Vincent Rijmen]], who submitted a proposal<ref name="Rijndaelv2">{{cite web |url=http://csrc.nist.gov/CryptoToolkit/aes/rijndael/Rijndael.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070203204845/https://csrc.nist.gov/CryptoToolkit/aes/rijndael/Rijndael.pdf |archive-date=February 3, 2007 |title=AES Proposal: Rijndael |author=Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen |date=September 3, 1999}}</ref> to NIST during the [[Advanced Encryption Standard process|AES selection process]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=U.S. Selects a New Encryption Technique |authorfirst=John |last=Schwartz |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 3, 2000 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/03/business/technology-us-selects-a-new-encryption-technique.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328215407/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/03/business/technology-us-selects-a-new-encryption-technique.html |archive-date=March 28, 2017}}</ref> Rijndael is a family of ciphers with different [[key size|key]] and [[Block size (cryptography)|block size]]s. For AES, NIST selected three members of the Rijndael family, each with a block size of 128 bits, but three different key lengths: 128, 192 and 256 bits.

AES has been adopted by the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. government]]. It supersedes the [[Data Encryption Standard]] (DES),<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IKZ/is_3_107?pnum=2&opg=90984479 |title=NIST reports measurable success of Advanced Encryption Standard |work=Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology |first=Harold B. |last=Westlund |date=2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103105501/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IKZ/is_3_107?pnum=2&opg=90984479 |archive-date=2007-11-03}}</ref> which was published in 1977. The algorithm described by AES is a [[symmetric-key algorithm]], meaning the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting the data.