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'''Raspberry Pi''' ({{IPAc-en|p|aɪ}} {{respell|PY}}) is a series of small [[single-board computer]]s (SBCs) developed in the [[United Kingdom]] by the [[Raspberry Pi Foundation]] in collaboration with [[Broadcom Inc.|Broadcom]]. To commercialize the product and support its growing demand, the Foundation established a commercial entity, [[Raspberry Pi Holdings]], a [[public company]] that trades on the [[London Stock Exchange]].
The Raspberry Pi was originally created to help teach [[computer science]] in schools, but gained popularity for many other uses due to its low cost, compact size, and flexibility. It is now used in areas such as [[Industrial Automation and Control Systems|industrial automation]], [[robotics]], [[home automation]], [[IoT]] devices, and [[hobbyist]] projects.
The company's products range from simple [[microcontroller]]s to computers that the company markets as being powerful enough to be used as a general purpose PC.
In 2015, the Raspberry Pi surpassed the [[ZX Spectrum]] as the best-selling [[List of British computers|British computer]] of all time. {{As of|2025|3}}, 68 million units had been sold.
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The Raspberry Pi Zero, launched in November 2015, radically redefined the entry point for computing at a price of just $5.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 November 2015 |title=Raspberry Pi Zero: the $5 Computer |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-zero/ |access-date=26 November 2015 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref> In February 2016, the Raspberry Pi 3 marked another major milestone by integrating a 64-bit processor, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth.<ref name="Upton 2016" /> The product line continued to expand with the wireless-enabled Raspberry Pi Zero W (February 2017),<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2017 |title=New $10 Raspberry Pi Zero comes with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/new-10-raspberry-pi-zero-comes-with-wi-fi-and-bluetooth/ |website=arstechnica.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 February 2017 |title=New product! Raspberry Pi Zero W joins the family |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-zero-w-joins-family/ |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref> the faster Raspberry Pi 3B+ (March 2018),<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2018 |title=Raspberry PI 3B+ on sale now |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-3-model-bplus-sale-now-35// |access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref> Raspberry Pi 3A+ (November 2018),<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2018 |title=New product: Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+ on sale now at $25 – Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/new-product-raspberry-pi-3-model-a/ |access-date=15 November 2018 |work=Raspberry Pi}}</ref> and Compute Module 3+ (January 2019).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=James |date=28 January 2019 |title=Compute Module 3+ on sale now from $25 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/compute-module-3-on-sale-now-from-25/ |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=raspberrypi.org}}</ref>
The Raspberry Pi 4, launched in June 2019, represented another major performance leap with a faster processor, up to 8 GB of RAM, dual-monitor support, and USB 3.0 ports.<ref name="Upton 2020" /> A compute module version (CM4) launched in October 2020.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 October 2020 |title=Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 on sale now from $25 – Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-compute-module-4/ |access-date=16 January 2021 |work=Raspberry Pi}}</ref> This era saw further diversification with the Raspberry Pi 400 (a [[Keyboard computer|computer integrated into a keyboard]]) in November 2020,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=The Raspberry Pi |title=Buy a Raspberry Pi 400 Personal Computer Kit |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-400/ |website=Raspberry Pi}}</ref> and the Raspberry Pi Pico in January 2021. The Pico, based on the in-house designed [[RP2040]] chip, marked the company's first entry into the low-cost microcontroller market.<ref name="Adams 2021"
The [[2020–present global chip shortage|global chip shortage starting in 2020]], as well as an uptake in demand starting in early 2021, notably affected the Raspberry Pi, causing significant availability issues from that time onward.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi: Why they are so hard to buy right now, and what you can do about it |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/raspberry-pi-why-they-are-so-hard-to-buy-right-now-and-what-you-can-do-about-it/ |website=[[ZDNet]]}}</ref> The company explained its approach to the shortages in 2021,<ref>{{cite
The Raspberry Pi 5 was released in October 2023, featuring an upgraded CPU and GPU, up to 16 GB of RAM, a PCIe interface for fast peripherals and an in-house designed southbridge chip.<ref name="Upton 2023" /><ref>{{Cite
=== Sales Milestones ===
The Raspberry Pi's sales demonstrated remarkable growth. The one-millionth Pi was sold by October 2013,<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 October 2013 |title=Baked in Britain, the millionth Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24435809 |access-date=8 October 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> a figure that doubled just a month later.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Two Million! |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/5265 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117180334/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/5265 |archive-date=17 November 2013 |access-date=18 November 2013}}</ref> By February 2016, sales reached eight million units, surpassed the [[ZX Spectrum]] as the best-selling [[List of British computers|British computer]] of all time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hern |first=Alex |date=29 February 2016 |title=Raspberry Pi 3: the credit card-sized 1.2 GHz PC that costs $35 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/feb/29/raspberry-pi-3-launch-computer-uk-bestselling |website=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Upton 2016" /> Sales hit ten million in September 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2016 |title=Ten millionth Raspberry Pi, and a new kit – Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/ten-millionth-raspberry-pi-new-kit/ |access-date=9 September 2016 |quote=we've beaten our wildest dreams by three orders of magnitude}}</ref> thirty million by December 2019,<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1205646606504275968 |user=EbenUpton |title=Raspberry Pi numbers get stale fast. We sold our thirty-millionth unit some time last week (we think Tuesday). |date=13 December 2019}}</ref> and forty million by May 2021.<ref>{{Citation |title=Chris Fleck and Eben Upton on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/chrisfleck/status/1392224692862427138 |publisher=Chris Fleck |quote=Great call with @EbenUpton today. Congrats on 40 Million #RaspberryPi sold!}}</ref> As of its tenth anniversary in February 2022, a total of 46 million Raspberry Pis had been sold.<ref>{{Citation |title=One decade, 46 million units: Happy birthday, Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/02/28/pi_at_10/ |publisher=The Register / Richard Speed |quote=Upton tells us that approximately 46 million units have been manufactured to date.}}</ref> {{As of|2025|3}}, 68 million units had been sold.<ref>{{Cite
== Series and generations ==
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The Pico series are compact microcontroller boards based on Raspberry Pi-designed chips. Unlike other models, they do not run Linux or support removable storage, and are instead programmed by flashing binaries to onboard flash memory.
* The '''Raspberry Pi Pico''' (2021) was the first board based on the in-house [[RP2040]] microcontroller. It features a dual-core 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0+ CPU, 264 KB of RAM, and 2 MB of flash memory, priced at US$4.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Campbell |first1=Ian |title=The Raspberry Pi Pico is a tiny $4 microcontroller running off the company's very own chip |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2021/1/21/22242619/raspberry-pi-pico-microcontroller-tiny-computer-diy-projects |access-date=22 January 2021 |publisher=The Verge |date=21 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="Adams 2021" /> The '''Pico W''' (2022) adds Wi-Fi and Bluetooth and launched at US$6.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-pico-w-your-6-iot-platform/|title=Raspberry Pi Pico W: your $6 IoT platform|work=Raspberry Pi|access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref> The board has a [[Via (electronics)|castellated]] edge for direct soldering to a carrier board; versions are available with pre-soldered, bottom-mounted header pins, the '''Pico H''' for US$5 and the '''Pico WH''' for US$7.
* The '''Raspberry Pi Pico 2''' (2024) introduced the [[RP2350]] microcontroller, featuring selectable dual-core 32-bit ARM Cortex-M33 or [[RISC-V]] processors, 520 KB of RAM, and 4 MB of flash memory, priced at US$5.<ref name="Upton 2024"
=== Compute Module series ===
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| caption2 = Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4
}}
The '''Compute Module''' (CM) series delivers Raspberry Pi's flagship hardware in a compact form for industrial and embedded applications, omitting onboard ports and GPIO headers in favour of a carrier board interface.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 April 2014 |title=Raspberry Pi announces customisable module for industry |url=https://www.wired.com/story/raspberry-pi-compute-module/ |access-date=10 June 2025 |work=Wired}}</ref> Compute Modules are offered in one of two formats: a board matching the physical dimensions of a DDR2 [[SO-DIMM]] RAM module (though electrically incompatible with standard SO-DIMM sockets) and a smaller board with dual 100-pin high-density connectors that enables additional interfaces.<ref name="CM hardware"
* '''Compute Module 1''' (2014) – Based on the original Raspberry Pi. Features a single-core ARM11 CPU, 512 MB RAM, and 4 GB [[eMMC]] flash storage. SO-DIMM form factor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Buy a Compute Module 1 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-1/ |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=Raspberry Pi}}</ref>
* '''Compute Module 3''' (2017) – Based on the Pi 3. Includes a quad-core 64-bit Cortex-A53 CPU, 1 GB RAM, and 4 GB eMMC; also available as a "Lite" variant without eMMC. SO-DIMM form factor.<ref name="CM hardware" />
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|rowspan=2|BCM2835
|rowspan=2|1 × [[ARM11]]
|256 MB
|rowspan=3|No
|rowspan=2|No
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== Hardware ==
Since its introduction, Raspberry Pi hardware has been designed to provide low-cost computing platforms. The founders intended it to be an affordable and accessible system by making it compatible with widely available second-hand peripherals, such as televisions for displays, USB input devices, and cellphone chargers for power.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gordon |first=Whitson |date=2019-08-30 |title=Beginner's Guide: How to Get Started With Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/beginners-guide-how-to-get-started-with-raspberry-pi |access-date=2025-06-16 |work=[[PCMag]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="composite video out" /> Over time, the hardware has expanded to support both advanced configurations and ultra-low-cost variants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |date=8 January 2024 |title=What I learned from using a Raspberry Pi 5 as my main computer for two weeks |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2024/01/what-i-learned-from-using-a-raspberry-pi-5-as-my-main-computer-for-two-weeks/ |access-date=18 May 2025 |website=Ars Technica |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Patel |first=Nilay |date=2022-03-08 |title=The future of computers is only $4 away, with Raspberry Pi CEO Eben Upton |url=https://www.theverge.com/22966155/raspberry-pi-ceo-interview-eben-upton-computer-chip-shortage-diy |access-date=2025-06-16 |work=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> The company has also committed to keeping products in production for up to ten years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 June 2024 |title=Prospectus |url=https://investors.raspberrypi.com/ipo/documents/11 |access-date=20 May 2025 |website=Raspberry Pi Holdings |page=47}}</ref>
The Raspberry Pi has undergone multiple hardware revisions, with changes in processor type, memory capacity, networking features, and peripheral support.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khaliq |first=Azzief |date=2024-04-27 |title=The Evolution Of Raspberry Pi: From Prototype To Single-Board Computing Workhorse |url=https://www.slashgear.com/1566508/raspberry-pi-history-evolution-small-single-board-computer/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=SlashGear}}</ref> All models include a processor, memory, and various input/output interfaces on a single circuit board. Most include an HDMI output, USB ports, and a GPIO ([[general-purpose input/output]]) header. Networking capabilities vary by model, with later versions featuring integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.<ref>{{cite web |date=15 September 2016 |title=Raspberry Pi 3 Model B WiFi & Bluetooth Setup |url=https://www.deviceplus.com/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-3-model-b-wifi-bluetooth-setup/ |access-date=17 November 2020 |website=Device Plus}}</ref> Storage is typically provided via a microSD card, with newer models supporting USB or [[PCI Express|PCIe]]-based boot options.<ref name="Watson 2021"
=== Processors and system-on-chip ===
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The original Raspberry Pi and the Pi Zero use the Broadcom BCM2835, featuring a single-core 32-bit [[ARM11]] CPU and a [[VideoCore]] IV GPU. The CPU is clocked at 700 MHz on the original Pi and 1 GHz on the Zero and Zero W.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 September 2011 |title=BCM2835 Media Processor; Broadcom |url=https://www.broadcom.com/products/BCM2835 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513032855/https://www.broadcom.com/products/BCM2835 |archive-date=13 May 2012 |access-date=6 May 2012 |publisher=Broadcom.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Brose, Moses |date=30 January 2012 |title=Broadcom BCM2835 SoC has the most powerful mobile GPU in the world? |url=https://www.grandmax.net/2012/01/broadcom-bcm2835-soc-has-powerful.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218012632/https://www.grandmax.net/2012/01/broadcom-bcm2835-soc-has-powerful.html |archive-date=18 February 2012 |access-date=13 April 2012 |work=Grand MAX}}</ref>
The Raspberry Pi 2 introduced the BCM2836 with a 900 MHz quad-core 32-bit [[Cortex-A7]] CPU,<ref>{{cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=2 February 2015 |title=Raspberry Pi 2 on sale now at $35 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-2-on-sale/ |access-date=5 August 2015 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref> while later revisions used the 64-bit BCM2837 with [[Cortex-A53]] cores.<ref>{{cite
The Raspberry Pi 4 introduced the BCM2711, a 64-bit SoC with a quad-core [[Cortex-A72]] CPU and VideoCore VI GPU. Clock speeds were initially 1.5 GHz and later increased to 1.8 GHz.<ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi 4 Model B specifications |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-model-b/specifications/ |access-date=28 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Merten |first=Dr. Maik |date=14 September 2019 |title=Raspi-Kernschau – Das Prozessor-Innenleben des Raspberry Pi 4 im Detail |trans-title=Raspi-kernel-show – The inner life of the Raspberry Pi 4 processor in detail |journal=C't |language=de |volume=2019 |issue=20 |pages=164–169}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=22. Raspberry Pi 4 — Trusted Firmware-A documentation |url=https://trustedfirmware-a.readthedocs.io/en/latest/plat/rpi4.html |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=trustedfirmware-a.readthedocs.io}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 July 2019 |title=Playing with a Raspberry Pi 4 64-bit |url=https://blog.cloudkernels.net/posts/rpi4-64bit-virt/ |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=CloudKernels}}</ref> The Raspberry Pi 5 uses the BCM2712, featuring a quad-core [[Cortex-A76]] CPU at 2.4 GHz, an 800
Raspberry Pi has also developed its own chips outside of its partnership with Broadcom. The Raspberry Pi Pico uses the [[RP2040]], featuring dual-core 32-bit [[Cortex-M0+]] processors running at 133 MHz and 264 kB of on-chip RAM.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2022 |title=Pico Product Brief |url=https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/pico/pico-product-brief.pdf |access-date=22 July 2023 |website=
==== Overclocking ====
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The original Raspberry Pi Model B was equipped with 512 MB of [[random-access memory]] (RAM), which, like later models, shares memory between the CPU and GPU. All Raspberry Pi boards support [[dynamic memory allocation]] between these components, allowing the system to adjust the division based on workload or user configuration.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2012 |title=introducing new firmware for the 512 MB Pi |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2296 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325234920/http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/2296 |archive-date=25 March 2014 |access-date=16 September 2014}}</ref> The original Model A included 256 MB of RAM.
Subsequent models introduced increased memory capacities. The Pi 2B and 3 B/B+ models feature 1
=== Storage and peripherals ===
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Raspberry Pi devices support both digital and analog video output across various resolutions.
Early models featured a full-size HDMI port and an [[RCA connector]] for analog [[composite video]] output. Later boards removed the RCA jack but retained analog output via the [[Phone connector (audio)|3.5 mm TRRS jack]] or dedicated solder points. According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, analog support helps maintain accessibility in [[Developing country|developing countries]].<ref name="composite video out"
To accommodate the addition of features on the compact boards, video connectors have shrunk across models. The Pi Zero series uses a mini-HDMI connector, while the Pi 4 and 5 use dual micro-HDMI ports. This change enables support for multiple displays: the Pi 4 can drive two [[4K resolution|4K]] displays at 30
Older Raspberry Pi models support common display resolutions such as [[720p]] and [[1080p]] by default, with some capable of higher resolutions depending on hardware and configuration. In some cases, older hardware can output in 4K, though performance may be poor.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 November 2012 |title=Raspberry Pi, supported video resolutions |url=https://elinux.org/RPi_config.txt |access-date=11 December 2012 |publisher=eLinux.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi and 4k @ 15 Hz |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=79330 |access-date=6 January 2016}}</ref>
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=== Networking ===
Networking capabilities differ by model. The Model B and B+ include an Ethernet port. Starting with the Raspberry Pi 3, most models come with built-in WiFi and Bluetooth. The Raspberry Pi 3B+ adds faster Ethernet and dual-band WiFi. The Raspberry Pi 4 and 5 offer full gigabit Ethernet.<ref
=== Special-purpose features ===
Some Raspberry Pi models, like the Zero, 1A, 3A+, and 4, can act like a USB device (via the [[USB On-The-Go]] protocol) when plugged into another computer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?p=1400270#p1400270|title=USB Gadget mode on new 3 A+? – Raspberry Pi Forums|website=www.raspberrypi.org}}</ref> This lets them work as gadgets such as a virtual keyboard, network adapter, or serial device.<ref>{{cite
Many newer models can also start up (or "boot") directly from a USB drive, without needing a microSD card. This feature isn't available on older models like the original Raspberry Pi, Pi Zero, or early versions of the Pi 2.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md|title=USB mass storage device boot – Raspberry Pi Documentation|website=raspberrypi.org}}</ref>
=== Real-time clock ===
Most Raspberry Pi models do not include a built-in real-time clock, which means they rely on an internet connection to set the correct time with the [[Network Time Protocol]] when they start up. If there's no connection, the time must be set manually or the system assumes no time has passed since it was last used. Add-on clock modules are available for situations where accurate timekeeping is needed without internet access.<ref>{{
=== Board layouts ===
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[[File:Raspberry Pi OS 12 screenshot.png|thumb|[[Raspberry Pi OS]] "Bookworm", showing the [[file manager]] and [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]], the default web browser.]]
The recommended operating system is [[Raspberry Pi OS]], a [[Debian]]-based [[Linux distribution]] optimized for Raspberry Pi hardware and tuned to have low base memory requirements. It is available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions and comes in several editions: a standard edition, a "Lite" version without a desktop environment, and a "Full" version that includes a comprehensive suite of software.<ref name=":2"
Raspberry Pi OS can be purchased pre-installed on a [[microSD card]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Raspberry Pi |title=Buy a Raspberry Pi SD Cards |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/sd-cards/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref> or downloaded and installed using Raspberry Pi Imager, a utility introduced in March 2020 to simplify the installation of operating systems onto SD cards and other media for Raspberry Pi devices. Available for [[macOS]], Raspberry Pi OS, [[Ubuntu]], and [[Windows]], Imager allows users to download and write operating system disk images within a single application.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollingworth |first=Gordon |date=2020-03-05 |title=Introducing Raspberry Pi Imager, our new imaging utility |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-imager-imaging-utility/ |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref> In addition to Raspberry Pi OS, the utility supports a variety of third-party operating systems, including [[Alpine Linux]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Alpine Linux about |url=https://alpinelinux.org/about/ |access-date=21 July 2021 |website=Alpinelinux.org}}</ref> [[Android (operating system)|Android]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Free Android 13 OS now available in Raspberry Pi Imager |url=https://emteria.com/blog/android-13-in-raspberry-pi-imager |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=emteria.com |language=en}}</ref> [[Armbian]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Musubi |first=Pander |date=9 January 2022 |title=Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.armbian.com/rpi4b/ |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Armbian |language=en-US}}</ref> [[FreedomBox]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2024 |title=FreedomBox now available in Raspberry Pi Imager |url=https://discuss.freedombox.org/t/freedombox-now-available-in-raspberry-pi-imager/3013 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=FreedomBox Forum |language=en}}</ref> [[Kali Linux]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Using the Raspberry Pi Imager software to write Kali Raspberry Pi Images |url=https://www.kali.org/docs/arm/using-rpi-imager-to-write-raspberry-pi-images/ |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Kali Linux |language=English}}</ref> [[LibreELEC]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Create Media |url=https://wiki.libreelec.tv/installation/create-media |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250425024232/https://wiki.libreelec.tv/installation/create-media |archive-date=25 April 2025 |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=LibreELEC |language=en}}</ref> RetroPie,<ref>{{cite web |title=RetroPie |url=https://retropie.org.uk/ |access-date=25 August 2020 |website=RetroPie}}</ref> [[RISC OS]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=RISC OS for the Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.riscosopen.org/content/downloads/raspberry-pi}}</ref> [[SatNOGS]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Raspberry Pi |url=https://wiki.satnogs.org/Raspberry_Pi |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=SatNOGS}}</ref> and Ubuntu.<ref name=":2" />
=== Firmware ===
The Raspberry Pi uses official firmware that is [[Proprietary software|proprietary]], meaning its source code is not publicly available, but the [[binary blob]] can be [[freely redistributable software|freely redistributed]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-firmware/blob/master/LICENCE.broadcom|title=Hexxeh/rpi-firmware|website=GitHub|date=28 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite
=== Driver APIs ===
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* '''Camera Module''' (2013) – The initial 5-megapixel (MP) camera based on the OmniVision OV5647 sensor. It supports up to 1080p video.<ref>{{cite web |title=Elinux Wiki: Description of Raspberry Pi Camera Board |url=https://elinux.org/Rpi_Camera_Module |access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> Also offered in a "NoIR" version with no infrared filter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pi NoIR |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/tag/pi-noir/ |access-date=16 August 2014 |publisher=Raspberry Pi Foundation}}</ref>
* '''Camera Module 2''' (2016) – A 8 MP module based on the Sony IMX219 sensor, also offered in NoIR variants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Camera Documentation |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/camera/ |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref>
* '''High Quality Camera''' (2020) – A 12.3 MP camera using the Sony IMX477 sensor. Intended
* '''Camera Module 3''' (2023) – A 12 MP camera module featuring a Sony IMX708 sensor with autofocus and HDR support. Priced at
* '''Global Shutter Camera''' (2023) – A camera module with a 1.6 MP Sony IMX296 global shutter sensor. Intended for fast motion photography and machine vision, it supports C/CS mount interchangeable lenses and has a tripod mount.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=9 March 2023 |title=New Raspberry Pi Global Shutter Camera for machine vision and more |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-raspberry-pi-global-shutter-camera/ |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
* '''AI Camera''' (2024)– A 12.3 MP camera using the Sony IMX500 sensor, which includes on-sensor AI processing capabilities for vision applications.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Patuck |first=Naush |date=30 September 2024 |title=Raspberry Pi AI Camera on sale now at $70 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-ai-camera-on-sale-now/ |access-date=9 June 2025 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
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=== Add-on boards (HATs) ===
[[File:Raspberry Pi 4B DVB TV μHat (angle).jpg|thumb|right|Raspberry Pi 4 Model B with a "TV Hat" card (for DVB-T/T2 television reception) attached]]
Official Raspberry Pi HATs (Hardware Attached on Top) and expansion boards extend the functionality of Raspberry Pi computers. The HAT standard was introduced in
▲Official Raspberry Pi HATs (Hardware Attached on Top) and expansion boards extend the functionality of Raspberry Pi computers. The HAT standard was introduced in July 2014. Many boards use an EEPROM for automatic configuration.<ref>{{cite web |title=HAT board EEPROM format |url=https://github.com/raspberrypi/hats/blob/master/eeprom-format.md |access-date=16 September 2014 |website=GitHub}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=November 2021 |title=HAT board mechanical specification |url=https://github.com/raspberrypi/hats/blob/master/hat-board-mechanical.pdf |website=GitHub}}</ref>
* '''AI HAT+''' (2024) – A HAT for the Raspberry Pi 5 featuring a built-in [[Hailo Technologies|Hailo]] chip providing 13 or 26 TOPS of AI acceleration.<ref>{{cite web |title=Introducing the Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ with up to 26 TOPS |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-ai-hat/ |access-date=9 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Raspberry Pi launches higher performance AI HAT+ — 13 and 26 TOPS variants |url=https://www.techspot.com/news/105286-raspberry-pi-launches-ai-hat-13-26-tops.html |access-date=9 June 2025}}</ref>
* '''M.2 HAT+''' (2024) – A HAT for the Raspberry Pi 5 featuring an interface for attaching M.2 peripherals such as NVMe SSDs and AI accelerators.
** '''AI Kit''' (2024) – A bundle including the M.2 HAT+ and a Hailo AI accelerator module.
** '''SSD Kit''' (2024) – A bundle including the M.2 HAT+ and a NVMe SSD.<ref
* '''Sense HAT''' (2015) – Includes sensors for temperature, humidity, pressure, orientation, and a 8×8 LED matrix with a joystick. Originally part of the Astro Pi project.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buy the Sense HAT – as seen in space!
* '''PoE+ HAT''' – Enables [[Power over Ethernet]] functionality for models with PoE support.
* '''Build HAT''' – Designed to interface with [[Lego Technic]] motors and sensors.
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* '''Codec Zero''' – A compact audio input/output board sized for the Raspberry Pi Zero.
==== Power supplies ====
* '''Build HAT Power Supply''' – Power adapter used with the Build HAT to support connected motors and sensors.<ref
* '''PoE+ Injector''' (2018) – Provides Power over Ethernet (up to 30 W) for compatible models using a PoE HAT.<ref
* '''USB Power Supplies''' – Available in multiple versions delivering 5.
==== Peripherals ====
* '''Active Cooler''' (2023) – A heatsink and temperature‑controlled fan for thermal management on Pi 5.<ref
* '''Cables and adapters''' – Includes HDMI (micro for Pi 4/5, mini for Zero), USB (micro‑USB and USB‑C), and various adapters for display and peripheral connectivity.<ref
* '''Cases''' – Plastic enclosures for Raspberry Pi A+, 3, 4, 5, and Zero series with venting, and in some cases, fans, to aid heat dissipation.
* '''Keyboard and Mouse''' – Official USB keyboard (with integrated hub with three USB 2 Type-A ports) and optical mouse designed for use with Raspberry Pi.<ref
* '''SD Cards''' – Officially tested microSD cards that support A2 command queueing, C10 card speeds, and SDR104 bus speeds.<ref
* '''USB 3 Hub''' – Adds four additional USB 3 Type-A ports, also includes a USB-C power input to support high power draw peripherals.<ref
==== Debugging and utility ====
* '''Debug Probe''' (2022) – RP2040-based hardware debug tool for Raspberry Pi and RP2040 development boards.<ref
* '''RTC Battery''' (2024) – Rechargeable lithium battery for powering the real-time clock on Raspberry Pi 5 during power loss.<ref
== Reception and use ==
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=== Education ===
{{As of|January 2012}}, enquiries about the board in the United Kingdom have been received from schools in both the [[state school|state]] and [[Private school (United Kingdom)|private]] sectors, with around five times as much interest from the latter. It is hoped that businesses will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.<ref>{{cite
In 2014, the Raspberry Pi Foundation hired a number of its community members including ex-teachers and software developers to launch a set of free learning resources for its website.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/welcome-to-our-new-website/ |title=Welcome to our new website |publisher=[[Raspberry Pi Foundation]] |date=2 April 2014 |access-date=15 March 2015 |author=Upton, Liz |___location=Cambridge |archive-date=7 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407054317/http://www.raspberrypi.org/welcome-to-our-new-website/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Foundation also started a teacher training course called Picademy with the aim of helping teachers prepare for teaching the new computing curriculum using the Raspberry Pi in the classroom.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/picademy-free-cpd-for-teachers/ |title=Picademy – free CPD for teachers |publisher=[[Raspberry Pi Foundation]] |date=17 March 2014 |access-date=15 March 2015 |author=Philbin, Carrie Anne |___location=Cambridge}}</ref>
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== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Lawler 2012">Richard Lawler, 29 February 2012, [https://www.engadget.com/2012/02/29/raspberry-pi-credit-card-sized-linux-pcs-are-on-sale-now-25-mo/ Raspberry Pi credit-card sized Linux PCs are on sale now, $25 Model A gets a RAM bump], ''Engadget''</ref>
<ref name="Companies House">{{Cite web |title=Raspberry Pi Ltd |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/08207441 |access-date=18 June 2024 |website=Companies House}}</ref>
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<ref name="Upton 2016">{{cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=29 February 2016 |title=Raspberry Pi 3 on sale now at $35 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-3-on-sale/ |access-date=29 February 2016 |website=Raspberry Pi}}</ref>
<ref name="Upton 2021">{{Cite web|last=Upton|first=Eben|date=28 October 2021|title=New product: Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W on sale now at $15|publisher=Raspberry Pi Trading|url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/new-raspberry-pi-zero-2-w-2/|access-date=2 December 2021|quote=Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W uses the same Broadcom BCM2710A1 SoC die as the launch version of Raspberry Pi 3}}</ref>
<ref name="Upton 2023">{{Cite web |last=Upton |first=Eben |date=28 September 2023 |title=Introducing: Raspberry Pi 5! |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/introducing-raspberry-pi-5/ |access-date=28 September 2023 |website=Raspberry Pi |language=en-GB}}</ref>
<ref name="Upton 2020">{{Cite news|last=Upton|first=Eben|date=28 May 2020|title=8GB Raspberry Pi 4 on sale now at $75|work=Raspberry Pi Blog|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/8gb-raspberry-pi-4-on-sale-now-at-75/|access-date=28 May 2020}}</ref>
<ref name="Raspberrypi.com">{{Cite web |title=Buy a Raspberry Pi 5 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/ |accessdate=9 January 2025 |website=Raspberrypi.com}}</ref>▼
<ref name="Bridgwater, Adrian 2012">{{cite news |author=Bridgwater, Adrian |date=15 March 2012 |title=Community strength blossoms for Raspberry Pi |url=https://www.computerweekly.com/blogs/open-source-insider/2012/03/community-strength-blossoms-for-raspberry-pi.html |access-date=15 March 2012 |work=[[Computer Weekly]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Raspberry Pi Holdings 2025">{{Cite web |date=April 2025 |title=Final Results for the twelve months to 31 December 2024 |url=https://investors.raspberrypi.com/reports/5/presentation |access-date=5 June 2025 |website=[[Raspberry Pi Holdings]]}}</ref>▼
<ref name="Cunningham 2025">{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Andrew |date=9 January 2025 |title=New $120 16 GB Raspberry Pi 5 is for the people who use it like an everyday PC |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2025/01/new-120-16gb-raspberry-pi-5-is-for-the-people-who-use-it-like-an-everyday-pc/ |access-date=5 June 2025 |website=[[Ars Technica]] |language=en}}</ref>▼
<ref name="Dillet 2024">{{cite web |last=Dillet |first=Romain |date=9 December 2024 |title=It's a Raspberry Pi 5 in a keyboard, and it's called the Raspberry Pi 500 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2024/12/09/its-a-raspberry-pi-5-in-a-keyboard-and-its-called-the-raspberry-pi-500/ |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=TechCrunch}}</ref>
<ref name="Cooban 2024">{{Cite web |last=Cooban |first=Anna |date=11 June 2024 |title=Why investors are going gaga over a tiny, $35 computer |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/11/tech/raspberry-pi-ipo-london-stock-exchange/index.html |access-date=9 March 2025 |website=CNN Business |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="Adams 2021">{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=James |date=21 January 2021 |title=Meet Raspberry Silicon: Raspberry Pi Pico now on sale at $4 |url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/raspberry-pi-silicon-pico-now-on-sale/}}</ref>
<ref name="Upton 2024">{{cite press release |last1=Upton |first1=Eben |title=Raspberry Pi Pico 2, our new $5 microcontroller board, on sale now |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/raspberry-pi-pico-2-our-new-5-microcontroller-board-on-sale-now/ |website=Raspberry Pi |access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="CM hardware">{{Cite web |title=Compute Module hardware |url=https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/compute-module.html |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=Raspberry Pi Documentation}}</ref>
▲<ref name="
<ref name="Pounder 2024">{{Cite news |last=Pounder |first=Les |date=2024-10-23 |title=Raspberry Pi announce branded range of NVMe SSDs and SSD kit |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/raspberry-pi/raspberry-pi-announce-branded-range-of-nvme-ssds-and-ssd-kit |access-date=2025-06-16 |work=[[Tom's Hardware]] |language=en}}</ref>
<ref name="composite video out">{{Cite magazine |date=December 2015 |title=Interview |url=https://magazine.raspberrypi.com/downloads/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTM3NCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--019e2f11232d2aaf6a9cca6954384fde9acbdd57/MagPi40.pdf |magazine=[[The MagPi]] |pages=15-16 |quote=WHAT IS THE RCA VIDEO OUT CONNECTOR FOR?" "The final product has the composite signal brought out to a 0.1-inch pad, so if you want to solder an RCA cable onto it, you can. We're psyched about the idea of people being able to take it and solder it inside an old television – you know, get an old television and crack it open. Turn your television into a computer. We think that's really good for developing world applications." / "You'll need a mobile phone charger, or one of the official Raspberry Pi power supplies}}</ref>
▲<ref name="
<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bret |date=2025-05-24 |title=Raspberry Pi 5 Operating Systems: Complete Guide to All OS Options |url=https://bret.dk/raspberry-pi-5-operating-systems/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=bret.dk |language=en-GB}}</ref>
▲<ref name="
}}
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