Human–computer interaction: Difference between revisions

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'''Human–computer interaction''' ('''HCI''') is the study of how people and [[computer]] systems engage and [[Interaction|interact]] with each other. A device that allows interaction between human being and a computer system is known as a "'''human–computer interface'''". Research in HCI covers the design and the use of computer technology, which focuses on the interfaces between people (users) and computers. In this sense, the term computer indicates a broad range of technologies that include hardware and/or software components. HCI researchers observe the ways humans interact with computers and design technologies that allow humans to interact with computers in novel ways.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Helander |first=M. G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6vnSAwAAQBAJ&dq=what+is+human+computer+interaction&pg=PP1 |title=Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction |date=2014-06-28 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-4832-9513-8 |language=en}}</ref> These include visual, auditory, and tactile (haptic) feedback systems, which serve as channels for interaction in both traditional interfaces and mobile computing contexts.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hampton |first1=W. H. |title=Haptic Rewards: How Mobile Vibrations Shape Reward Response and Consumer Choice |journal=Journal of Consumer Research |year=2025 |doi=10.1093/jcr/ucaf025 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucaf025 }}</ref>

As a field of research, human–computer interaction is situated at the intersection of [[computer science]], [[design research]], [[Behavioural sciences|behavioral sciences]], [[design]], [[science and technology studies]], [[media studies]], and several other fields of study. The term was popularized by Stuart K. Card, Allen Newell, and [[Thomas P. Moran]] in their 1983 book, ''The Psychology of Human–Computer Interaction.'' The first known use was in 1975 by Carlisle.<ref name="Evaluating the impact of office automation on top management communication"/> The term is intended to convey that, unlike other tools with specific and limited uses, computers have many uses which often involve an open-ended dialogue between the user and the computer. The notion of dialogue likens human–computer interaction to human-to-human interaction: an analogy that is crucial to theoretical considerations in the field.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Suchman|first1=Lucy|title=Plans and Situated Action. The Problem of Human-Machine Communication|date=1987|publisher=Cambridge University Press|___location=New York, Cambridge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AJ_eBJtHxmsC&q=suchman+situated+action&pg=PR7|access-date=7 March 2015|isbn=9780521337397}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1=Dourish|first1=Paul|title=Where the Action Is: The Foundations of Embodied Interaction|date=2001|publisher=MIT Press|___location=Cambridge, MA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DCIy2zxrCqcC&q=Dourish+where+the+action+is&pg=PR7|isbn=9780262541787}}</ref>

==Introduction==