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In 1992, the program began as a way to preserve and promote documentary heritage, which can be a single document, a collection, a holding or an archival [[fonds]] that is deemed to be of such significance as to transcend the boundaries of time and culture.<ref name=strategy /> This recorded memory reflects the diversity of languages, people, and cultures.<ref name=2005_memory>{{cite web| title= Twenty-nine new documentary collections inscribed on the Memory of the World Register | date=2005-06-21 |url= http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=28029&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |publisher=UNESCO Press |access-date=2009-09-06}}</ref> UNESCO, the world agency responsible for the protection of the world's [[cultural heritage|cultural]] and [[natural heritage]], realized the need to protect such fragile yet important component of cultural heritage. The Memory of the World Programme was established to preserve and digitize humanity's documentary heritage.<ref name=2007_memory>{{cite web | title=Thirty-eight new inscriptions for Memory of the World Register | author=Jasmina Sopova | date=2007-06-20 | url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=38423&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | publisher=UNESCO Press | access-date=2009-09-06 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111132741/http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D38423%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html | archive-date=2009-11-11 }}</ref>
{{blockquote|People the world over are creating [memories] in forms that are less and less permanent—be it sound recordings, film, videotape, newsprint, photographs, or computer-based documents. It must be said that the output of the present century alone is probably greater than the total output of all previous centuries put together; and ironically and tragically, it is being lost faster than ever before. It is a tragedy indeed, for what is at stake is the recorded memory of mankind.|Dato’ Habibah Zon, Director-General of the National Archives of Malaysia|introduction from<br>''UNESCO MEMORY OF THE WORLD PROGRAMME: The Asia-Pacific Strategy'', 17 April 1999<ref name=strategy />}}
The program is administered by the International Advisory Committee (IAC), whose 14 members are appointed by the [[Director-General of UNESCO]].<ref name=strategy /><ref name=2003_memory /> The IAC is responsible for the formulation of major policies, including the technical, legal and financial framework for the program. Regular meetings were held by the IAC in its interim capacity beginning in 1993 to sustain the momentum gained by the program, culminating in the creation of the Memory of the World Register during its second meeting in 1995,<ref name=strategy /><ref name="1997_report">{{cite web|title=Third Meeting of the International Advisory Committee of the Memory of the World Programme
The IAC also maintains several subsidiary bodies:<ref name=IAC>{{cite web | title=
* ''Bureau'': Maintains an overview of the Programme between IAC meetings and makes tactical decisions in liaison with the Secretariat, reviews the use of the Memory of the World logo, and liaises with national Memory of the World committees and monitors their growth and operation.
* ''Technical Sub-Committee'': Develops, regularly revises and promulgates information guides on the preservation of documentary heritage, and offers advice on technical and preservation matters.
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