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[[File:MD-11 shortly after touchdown.jpg|thumb|The MD-11 Propulsion Controlled Aircraft (PCA) lands for the first time under engine power only on Aug. 29, 1995, at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center in California]]
NASA personnel at [[Dryden Flight Research Center]] worked on the design of an aircraft control system using only thrust from its engines. The system was first tested on a [[McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle]] in 1993, piloted by [[Gordon Fullerton]].<ref name="MD-11 PCA">{{cite web|url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/multimedia/imagegallery/MD-11PCA/MD-11PCA_proj_desc.html |title=MD-11 Propulsion Controlled Aircraft (PCA)|publisher=www.nasa.gov |date= |access-date=2021-05-16}}</ref> The system was then applied to a [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]] airliner, and Fullerton made its first propulsion-controlled landing in August 1995.<ref name ="MD-11 PCA"/> Later flights were made with the center engine at idle speed so the system could be tested using the two wing-mounted engines, simulating the more common airliner layout.<ref>Tucker, p. 29.</ref>
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==Notes==
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