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Following the establishment of the Memory of the World International Register, UNESCO and the Memory of the World Programme have encouraged the creation of autonomous national and regional committees as well as national and regional registers which focus on documentary heritage of great regional or national importance, but not necessarily of global importance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNESCO |title=MoW Committees |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/committees?hub=1081 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=UNESCO}}</ref>
[[Image:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|The [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] (1789) was used to disseminate to the political community the first [[Constitution of France|French Constitution]].<ref name="rights_of_man">{{cite web| title= Original Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789–1791) |url= https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/original-declaration-rights-man-and-citizen-1789-1791 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-03}}</ref>]]▼
==History==▼
In 1992, the program began as a way to preserve and promote documentary heritage, manuscripts, maps, rock inscriptions, court documents, diplomatic exchanges and more that are deemed to be of such global significance as to transcend the boundaries of time and culture.<ref name=strategy /> This recorded memory reflects the diversity of languages, people, and cultures.<ref name=2005_memory>{{cite web| title= Twenty-nine new documentary collections inscribed on the Memory of the World Register | date=2005-06-21 |url= http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=28029&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |publisher=UNESCO Press |access-date=2009-09-06}}</ref> UNESCO, the world agency responsible for the protection of the world's [[cultural heritage|cultural]] and [[natural heritage]], realized the need to protect such fragile yet important component of cultural heritage. The Memory of the World Programme was established to facilitate the preservation of, universal access to, and public awareness about humanity's documentary heritage.<ref name=2007_memory>{{cite web | title=Thirty-eight new inscriptions for Memory of the World Register | author=Jasmina Sopova | date=2007-06-20 | url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=38423&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | publisher=UNESCO Press | access-date=2009-09-06 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111132741/http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D38423%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html | archive-date=2009-11-11 }}</ref>▼
{{blockquote|People the world over are creating [memories] in forms that are less and less permanent—be it sound recordings, film, videotape, newsprint, photographs, or computer-based documents. It must be said that the output of the present century alone is probably greater than the total output of all previous centuries put together; and ironically and tragically, it is being lost faster than ever before. It is a tragedy indeed, for what is at stake is the recorded memory of mankind.|Dato’ Habibah Zon, Director-General of the National Archives of Malaysia|introduction from<br>''UNESCO MEMORY OF THE WORLD PROGRAMME: The Asia-Pacific Strategy'', 17 April 1999<ref name=strategy />}}▼
The program is administered by the International Advisory Committee (IAC), whose 14 members are appointed by the [[Director-General of UNESCO]].<ref name=strategy /><ref name=2003_memory /> The IAC is responsible for the formulation of major policies, including the technical, legal and financial framework for the program. Regular meetings were held by the IAC in its interim capacity beginning in 1993, culminating in the creation of the Memory of the World International Register during its second meeting in 1995,<ref name=strategy /><ref name="1997_report">{{cite web|title=Third Meeting of the International Advisory Committee of the Memory of the World Programme, Tashkent, 29 September-1st October 1997: final report |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000109753 |date=October 1997|access-date=2025-06-17|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref> with the first inscriptions on the register in 1997, after the statutes that created the IAC as a standing committee took effect.<ref name="1999_report">{{cite web|title=Fourth meeting of the International Advisory Committee of the Memory of the World Programme, Vienna, 10-12 June 1999: final report |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000116830 |access-date=2025-06-17|publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme|date=July 1999}}</ref> The IAC also maintains several subsidiary bodies:<ref name=IAC>{{cite web | title=International Advisory Committee | date= 2009-08-11 | url= http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=2254&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | archive-url= http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20160311102614/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=2254&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | url-status= dead | archive-date= 2016-03-11 | publisher= UNESCO Memory of the World Programme | access-date= 2009-12-09 }}</ref>▼
* ''Bureau'': Maintains an overview of the Programme between IAC meetings and makes tactical decisions in liaison with the Secretariat, reviews the use of the Memory of the World logo, and liaises with national Memory of the World committees and monitors their growth and operation.▼
* ''The Preservation Sub-Committee'': Develops, regularly revises and promulgates information guides on the preservation of documentary heritage, and offers advice on technical and preservation matters.▼
* ''Register Sub-Committee'': Oversees the assessment of nominations for the Memory of the World International Register and provides recommendations, with reasons, for their inscription or rejection to each meeting of the IAC.▼
* ''Education and Research Sub-committee'': Develops strategies and concepts for institutionalizing education and research on documentary heritage and helps developing innovative curricula and research on Memory of the World.▼
* ''The Secretariat at UNESCO:'' Provides support services to the International Advisory Committee (IAC) and its subsidiary bodies, and the general administration and monitoring of the Program. It is the contact point of the Program.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNESCO |title=Secretariat |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/secretariat?hub=1081 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=UNESCO}}</ref>▼
* The Memory of the World Programme is implemented by UNESCO through ''regional and national committees''. These committees are autonomous from UNESCO and are composed of dedicated local heritage professionals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNESCO |title=MoW Committees |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/committees?hub=1081 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=UNESCO}}</ref>▼
▲[[Image:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|The [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]] (1789) was used to disseminate to the political community the first [[Constitution of France|French Constitution]].<ref name=rights_of_man>{{cite web| title= Original Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789–1791) |url= https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/original-declaration-rights-man-and-citizen-1789-1791 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |access-date=2025-03-03}}</ref>]]
==Memory of the World International Register==
The Memory of the World International Register is a list of the world's documentary heritage with outstanding global significance – such as [[manuscript]]s, [[oral tradition]]s, audio-visual materials, and library and archive holdings.<ref name="strategy" /> It catalogues documentary heritage that has been recommended by the International Advisory Committee, and endorsed by the [[Director-General of UNESCO]], according to the selection criteria regarding "world significance and outstanding universal value."<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 December 2023 |title=Memory of the World: Documentary heritage treasures of Africa |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/memory-world |url-status=live |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250217100352/https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/memory-world |archive-date=2025-02-17 |access-date=2025-06-17 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme |language=en}}</ref> With the inscription on the International Register, the Memory of the World Programme aims to highlight the documentary heritage’s exceptional value. It aims to encourage memory institutions to raise awareness about their documentary heritage and to improve conservation of the documentary heritage by calling upon the program's networks of experts to exchange information and raise resources for the preservation, digitization, and dissemination of the material.<ref name="2003_memory" /> The program also uses technology to provide wider accessibility and diffusion of information about the items inscribed on the register.<ref name="2003_memory" />
The first inscriptions on the International Register were made in 1997.<ref name="2003_memory" /><ref name="1997_report">{{cite web |date=October 1997 |title=Third Meeting of the International Advisory Committee of the Memory of the World Programme, Tashkent, 29 September-1st October 1997: final report |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000109753 |access-date=2025-06-17 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref> The various properties in the register include recordings of [[folk music]]; [[ancient language]]s and [[phonetics]]; aged remnants of religious and secular manuscripts; collective lifetime works of renowned giants of literature; science and music; copies of landmark motion pictures and short films; and accounts documenting changes in the world's political, economic, and social stage.
As of April 2025, 570 pieces of documentary heritage had been inscribed in the International Register.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memory of the World |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
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=== Process ===
According to the General Guidelines of the Memory of the World Programme, any organization or individual can nominate a documentary item for inscription on the International Register via [[Member states of UNESCO|UNESCO Member States]] through their [[National Commissions for UNESCO|National Commission for UNESCO]] or, in the absence of a National Commission, the relevant government body in charge of relations with UNESCO, involving, if one exists, the relevant national MoW committee.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNESCO |title=Memory of the World General Guidelines |url=https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/mow_general_guidelines_en.pdf |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=UNESCO}}</ref> Two proposals per UNESCO Member State are considered in each nomination cycle, joint nomination proposals from two or more UNESCO Member States are unlimited.
▲The program is administered by the International Advisory Committee (IAC), whose 14 members are appointed by the [[Director-General of UNESCO]].<ref name="strategy" /><ref name="2003_memory" />
▲* ''Bureau'': Maintains an overview of the Programme between IAC meetings and makes tactical decisions in liaison with the Secretariat, reviews the use of the Memory of the World logo, and liaises with national Memory of the World committees and monitors their growth and operation.
▲* ''The Preservation Sub-Committee'': Develops, regularly revises and promulgates information guides on the preservation of documentary heritage, and offers advice on technical and preservation matters.
▲* ''Register Sub-Committee'': Oversees the assessment of nominations for the Memory of the World International Register and provides recommendations, with reasons, for their inscription or rejection to each meeting of the IAC.
▲* ''Education and Research Sub-committee'': Develops strategies and concepts for institutionalizing education and research on documentary heritage and helps developing innovative curricula and research on Memory of the World.
▲* ''The Secretariat at UNESCO:'' Provides support services to the International Advisory Committee (IAC) and its subsidiary bodies, and the general administration and monitoring of the Program. It is the contact point of the Program.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNESCO |title=Secretariat |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/secretariat?hub=1081 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=UNESCO}}</ref>
▲* The Memory of the World Programme is implemented by UNESCO through ''regional and national committees''. These committees are autonomous from UNESCO and are composed of dedicated local heritage professionals.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNESCO |title=MoW Committees |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/memory-world/committees?hub=1081 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=UNESCO}}</ref>
===Memory of the World IAC meetings===
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 1st
| style="text-align:center;" | 1993<br /><small>Sept 12–14</small>
| [[Pułtusk]], Poland
| [[Jean-Pierre Wallot]] (Canada)<ref name="1999_report">{{cite web |date=July 1999 |title=Fourth meeting of the International Advisory Committee of the Memory of the World Programme, Vienna, 10-12 June 1999: final report |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000116830 |access-date=2025-06-17 |publisher=UNESCO Memory of the World Programme}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" | none
| style="text-align:center;" | none
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 2nd
| style="text-align:center;" | 1995<br /><small>May 3–5</small>
| Paris, France
| Jean-Pierre Wallot (Canada)<ref name="1997_report" />
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 3rd
| style="text-align:center;" | 1997<br /><small>Sept 29 – Oct 1</small>
| [[Tashkent]], [[Uzbekistan]]
| Jean-Pierre Wallot (Canada)
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | ''Bureau Meeting''
| style="text-align:center;" | 1998<br /><small>Sept 4–5</small>
| London, United Kingdom
| Jean-Pierre Wallot (Canada)
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 4th
| style="text-align:center;" | 1999<br /><small>Jun 10–12</small>
| [[Vienna]], Austria
| [[Bendik Rugaas]] (Norway)
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 5th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2001<br /><small>Jun 27–29</small>
| [[Cheongju]], [[South Korea]]
| Bendik Rugaas (Norway)
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 6th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2003<br /><small>Aug 28–30</small>
| [[Gdańsk]], Poland
| [[Ekaterina Genieva]] ([[Russian Federation]])
Line 188 ⟶ 185:
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 7th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2005<br /><small>Jun 13–18</small>
| [[Lijiang City|Lijiang]], [[People's Republic of China|China]]
| [[Deanna B. Marcum]] (US)
| style="text-align:center;" | 53
| style="text-align:center;" | 29
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="2005_memory">{{cite web |date=2005-06-21 |title=Twenty-nine new documentary collections inscribed on the Memory of the World Register |url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=28029&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |access-date=2009-09-06 |publisher=UNESCO Press}}</ref><ref name="2005_report">{{cite web|title=Seventh Meeting of the International Advisory Committee of the Memory of the World Programme|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000142730 |access-date=2025-03-03|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 8th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2007<br /><small>Jun 1–15</small>
| [[Pretoria]], South Africa
| [[Alissandra Cummins]] (Barbados)
| style="text-align:center;" | 53
| style="text-align:center;" | 38
| style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="2007_memory">{{cite web |author=Jasmina Sopova |date=2007-06-20 |title=Thirty-eight new inscriptions for Memory of the World Register |url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=38423&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091111132741/http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D38423%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html |archive-date=2009-11-11 |access-date=2009-09-06 |publisher=UNESCO Press}}</ref><ref name="2007_report">{{cite web|title=Eighth Meeting of the International Advisory Committee of the Memory of the World Programme|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000234032|access-date=2025-03-03|publisher=UNESCO|date=2007}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 9th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2009<br /><small>Jul 27–31</small>
| [[Bridgetown]], [[Barbados]]
| Roslyn Russell (Australia)
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 10th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2011<br /><small>May 22–25</small>
| [[Manchester]], [[United Kingdom]]
| Roslyn Russell (Australia)
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 11th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2013<br /><small>Jun 18–21</small>
| [[Gwangju]], [[South Korea]]
| [[Helena Asamoah-Hassan|Helena R Asamoah-Hassan]] (Ghana)
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 12th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2015<br /><small>Oct 4–6</small>
| [[Abu Dhabi]], [[United Arab Emirates]]
| Abdulla El Reyes (United Arab Emirates)
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 13th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2017<br /><small>Oct 24–27</small>
|[[Paris]], [[France]]
| Abdulla El Reyes (United Arab Emirates)
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 14th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2023<br /><small>Mar 8–10,<br />Apr 11</small>
|[[Paris]], [[France]] + online
|
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|-
| style="text-align:center;" | 15th
| style="text-align:center;" | 2025<br /><small>Feb 26–28</small>
|[[Paris]], [[France]]
|
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==''Jikji'' Prize==
[[Image:SelectedTeachingsofBuddhistSagesandSonMasters1377.jpg|thumb|The ''Jikji'', created in 1377, is the earliest known book printed with [[Movable type|movable metal type]].]]
The ''Jikji'' Prize was established in 2004 by UNESCO<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNESCO |title=UNESCO/Jikji Memory of the World Prize |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/prizes/jikji?hub=1081 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=UNESCO}}</ref> in cooperation with the South Korean government to further promote the objectives of the Memory of the World Programme, and to commemorate the 2001 inscription of the country's ''[[Jikji]]'' on the Register.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNESCO |title=About the Prize |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/prizes/jikji/about?hub=915 |access-date=2025-06-23 |website=UNESCO}}</ref> The award, which includes a cash prize of $30,000 from the Korean government, recognizes institutions that have contributed to the preservation and accessibility of documentary heritage.<ref name="2005_memory" />
The prize has been awarded biannually since 2005 during the meeting of the IAC.<ref name="2005_memory" />
===Recipients===
* 2005: [[National Library of the Czech Republic|Czech National Library]] ([[Prague]])<ref name="2005_memory" /><ref name="2005_report" />
* 2007: Phonogrammarchiv of the [[Austrian Academy of Sciences]]
* 2009: [[National Archives of Malaysia]] ([[Kuala Lumpur]])<ref>{{cite web | title= UNESCO/Jikji Memory of the World 2009 Prize awarded to National Archives of Malaysia | date= 2009-08-21 | url= http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29057&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | archive-url= http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150314195327/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29057&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html | url-status= dead | archive-date= 2015-03-14 | publisher= UNESCO Memory of the World Programme | access-date= 2009-09-07 }}</ref>
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*2022: [[AUC Libraries and Learning Technologies|American University in Cairo’s Libraries and Learning Technologies, Rare Books and Special Collection Library in Egypt]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The American University in Cairo to receive 2022 UNESCO/Jikji Memory of the World Prize {{!}} UNESCO |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/american-university-cairo-receive-2022-unescojikji-memory-world-prize |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=www.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref>
*2024: [[National Library of Indonesia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The National Library of Indonesia to receive 2024 UNESCO-Jikji Memory of the World Prize |date=September 3, 2024 |website=UNESCO |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/national-library-indonesia-receive-2024-unesco-jikji-memory-world-prize |access-date=November 18, 2024}}</ref>
▲==History==
▲In 1992, the program began as a way to preserve and promote documentary heritage, manuscripts, maps, rock inscriptions, court documents, diplomatic exchanges and more that are deemed to be of such global significance as to transcend the boundaries of time and culture.<ref name="strategy" /> This recorded memory reflects the diversity of languages, people, and cultures.<ref name="2005_memory
▲{{blockquote|People the world over are creating [memories] in forms that are less and less permanent—be it sound recordings, film, videotape, newsprint, photographs, or computer-based documents. It must be said that the output of the present century alone is probably greater than the total output of all previous centuries put together; and ironically and tragically, it is being lost faster than ever before. It is a tragedy indeed, for what is at stake is the recorded memory of mankind.|Dato’ Habibah Zon, Director-General of the National Archives of Malaysia|introduction from<br>''UNESCO MEMORY OF THE WORLD PROGRAMME: The Asia-Pacific Strategy'', 17 April 1999<ref name=strategy />}}
Regular meetings were held by the IAC in its interim capacity beginning in 1993, culminating in the creation of the Memory of the World International Register during its second meeting in 1995,<ref name="strategy" /><ref name="1997_report" /> with the first inscriptions on the register in 1997, after the statutes that created the IAC as a standing committee took effect.<ref name="1999_report" />
== See also ==
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