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=== Effective field theory ===
The fermions of STS represent the differentials of the wavefunctions understood as differential forms.<ref name=":6"/> These differentials and/or fermions are intrinsically linked to stochastic Lyapunov exponents<ref name=":Graham"/> that define the [[butterfly effect]] so that the [[Effective_field_theory|effective field theory]] for these fermions is a theory of the butterfly effect. It can be defined via the [[Generating function|generating functional]]
{{Equation box 1
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G(\eta) = - \lim_{T\to\infty} log \langle g | \hat M_{T/2, -T/2}(\eta)| g \rangle / \langle g | \hat M_{T/2, -T/2}(0)| g \rangle,
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