Internet protocol suite: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 00:30, 20 June 2025

Revision as of 08:18, 25 June 2025

Line 67:

* The [[transport layer]] performs host-to-host communications on either the local network or remote networks separated by routers.<ref name="AoJD3">{{cite book |last=Hunt |first=Craig |date=2002 |title=TCP/IP Network Administration |edition=3rd |publisher=O'Reilly |pages=9–10 |isbn=9781449390785}}</ref> It provides a channel for the communication needs of applications. The [[User Datagram Protocol]] (UDP) is the most basic{{Citation needed|date=June 2025|reason=Which source states UDP is the most basic transport layer protocol ? I refer to Jim Kurose (2012), Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 7th Edition, Chapter 3: Transport layer, Section 3.1 Introduction and Transport-layer services), which states that both TCP and UDP are two best known transport layer protocols, which made up many application layer protocols like HTTP, IMAP, POP3, and SMTP. So what makes UDP is the "most basic", compared to TCP ?}} transport layer protocol, providing an unreliable [[connectionless]] datagram service. The [[Transmission Control Protocol]] (TCP) provides flow-control, connection establishment, and reliable transmission of data.

* The [[internet layer]] exchanges datagrams across network boundaries. It provides a uniform networking interface that hides the actual topology (layout) of the underlying network connections. It is therefore also the layer that establishes internetworking. Indeed, it defines and establishes the Internet. This layer defines the addressing and routing structures used for the TCP/IP protocol suite. The primary protocol in this scope is the Internet Protocol, which defines [[IP address]]es.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Guttman |first=E. |date=1999 |title=Service ___location protocol: automatic discovery of IP network services |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4236.780963 |journal=IEEE Internet Computing |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=71–80 |doi=10.1109/4236.780963 |issn=1089-7801|url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=April 2024}}<ref name=kz>{{Cite journal |last=Zheng |first=Kai |date=July 2017 |title=Enabling "Protocol Routing": Revisiting Transport Layer Protocol Design in Internet Communications |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mic.2017.4180845 |journal=IEEE Internet Computing |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=52–57 |doi=10.1109/mic.2017.4180845 |issn=1089-7801|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Its function in routing is to transport datagrams to the next host, functioning as an IP router, that has the connectivity to a network closer to the final data destination.<ref name=kz/>{{failed verification|date=April 2024}}

* The [[link layer]] defines the networking methods within the scope of the local network link on which hosts communicate without intervening routers. This layer includes the protocols used to describe the local network topology and the interfaces needed to effect the transmission of internet layer datagrams to next-neighbor hosts.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Huang |first=Jing-lian |date=2009-04-07 |title=Cross layer link adaptation scheme in wireless local area network |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2009.00518 |journal=Journal of Computer Applications |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=518–520 |doi=10.3724/sp.j.1087.2009.00518 |doi-broken-date=NovemberJune 125, 20242025 |issn=1001-9081|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Link layer==

Line 218:

==Implementations==

{{unreferenced section|date=March 2014}}

The Internet protocol suite is generally independent of a specific hardware or software environment. It only requires the hardware and a software layer to exist, capable of sending and receiving packets on a computer network. As a result, the suite has been implemented on essentially every computing platform. A minimal implementation of TCP/IP includes the following: [[Internet Protocol]] (IP), [[Address Resolution Protocol]] (ARP), [[Internet Control Message Protocol]] (ICMP), [[Transmission Control Protocol]] (TCP), [[User Datagram Protocol]] (UDP), and [[Internet Group Management Protocol]] (IGMP).<ref>{{CiteCitation| publisher = IETF| doi = 10.17487/RFC1122| last = Braden| first = Robert T.| editor-first1 = R.| editor-last1 = Braden| title = RFC 1122: Requirements for internet hosts - communication layers| year = 1989}}</ref> In addition to IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, Internet Protocol version 6 requires [[Neighbor Discovery Protocol]] (NDP), [[ICMPv6]], and [[Multicast Listener Discovery]] (MLD) and is often accompanied by an integrated [[IPSec]] security layer.

==See also==