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m wiki linked mention of IAA to the "Indole-3-acetic acid" article. It may also be helpful to fully spell it out before abbreviating as IAA |
m wiki linked mention of NAA to the " 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid" article. It may also be helpful to fully spell it out before abbreviating as NAA |
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The interaction between auxins and cytokinins in regulating organogenesis is well-established, though responses vary by species. Some plants, such as tobacco, can spontaneously form shoot buds without exogenous growth regulators, while others like ''Scurrula pulverulenta'', ''[[Lettuce|Lactuca sativa]]'', and ''[[Brassica juncea]]'' strictly require hormonal supplementation. In ''B. juncea'' cotyledon cultures, [[6-Benzylaminopurine|benzylaminopurine]] (BAP) alone induces shoot formation from petiole tissue, similar to [[Pinus radiata|radiata pine]] where cytokinin alone suffices for shoot induction.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
Research indicates that endogenous hormone concentrations, rather than exogenous application levels, ultimately determine organogenic differentiation. Among the various [[Cytokinin|cytokinins]] (2iP, BAP, thidiazuron, kinetin, and zeatin) used for shoot induction, BAP has demonstrated superior efficacy and widespread application. [[Auxin|Auxins]] similarly influence organogenic pathways, with 2,4-D commonly used for callus induction in cereals, though organogenesis typically requires transfer to media containing [[Indole-3-acetic acid|IAA]] or [[1-Naphthaleneacetic acid|NAA]] or lacking 2,4-D entirely. The auxin-to-cytokinin ratio largely determines which organs develop.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
Gibberellic acid (GA3) contributes to cell elongation and meristemoid formation, while unconventional compounds like tri-iodobenzoic acid (TIBA), abscisic acid (ABA), kanamycin, and auxin inhibitors have proven effective for recalcitrant species. Natural additives like ginseng powder can enhance regeneration frequency in certain cultures. Since ethylene typically suppresses shoot differentiation, inhibitors of ethylene synthesis such as aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) are often employed to promote organogenesis, with documented success in wheat, tobacco, and sunflower cultures.{{cn|date=June 2025}}
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